كذب

From the root ك ذ ب (k ḏ b). Cognate with Hebrew כזב (kazáv).

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كَذَبَ • (kaḏaba) I (non-past يَكْذِبُ (yakḏibu), verbal noun كَذِب (kaḏib) or كِذْب (kiḏb) or كِذْبَة (kiḏba))

1. (intransitive) to lie, to not tell the truth

   Synonym: (poetic) مَانَ (māna)

   1. (monotransitive or ditransitive) to lie to (someone)

      كَذَبَنِي الْحَدِيثَ ― kaḏabanī l-ḥadīṯa ― He lied to me in his speech.

      • 10th century, Al-Mutanabbi, إِن يكن صبر ذي الرزية فضلا:

        وَكَمِ ٱنْتَشْتَ بِٱلسُّيُوفِ مِنَ الدَّهْـ / ـرِ أَسِيرًا وَبِٱلنَّوَالِ مُقِلَّا
        عَدَّهَا نُصْرَةً عَلَيْهِ فَلَمَّا / صَالَ خَتْلًا رَآهُ أَدْرَكَ تَبْلَا
        كَذَبَتْهُ ظُنُونُهُ أَنْتَ تُبْلِيـ / ـهِ وَتَبْقَى فِي نِعْمَةٍ لَيْسَ تَبَلَّى

        wakami ntašta bi-s-suyūfi mina d-dah- / -ri ʔasīran wabi-n-nawāli muqillā
        ʕaddahā nuṣratan ʕalayhi falammā / ṣāla ḵatlan raʔāhu ʔadraka tablā
        kaḏabathu ẓunūnuhu ʔanta tublī- / -hi watabqā fī niʕmatin laysa taballā

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   2. to lie about (عَلَى (ʕalā))
      • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 39:32:

        فَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّن كَذَبَ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ وَكَذَّبَ بِٱلصِّدْقِ إِذْ جَاءَهُ

        faman ʔaẓlamu mimman kaḏaba ʕalā l-lahi wakaḏḏaba bi-ṣ-ṣidqi ʔiḏ jāʔahu

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. to deceive

• صَدَقَ (ṣadaqa)

كَذَّبَ • (kaḏḏaba) II (non-past يُكَذِّبُ (yukaḏḏibu), verbal noun تَكْذِيب (takḏīb) or كِذَّاب (kiḏḏāb))

1. to allege of lying, to disbelieve someone [with accusative ‘whom’]

   Antonym: صَدَّقَ (ṣaddaqa)

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 28:34:

     وَأَخِي هَارُونُ هُوَ أَفْصَحُ مِنِّي لِسَانًا فَأَرْسِلْهُ مَعِيَ رِدْءًا يُصَدِّقُنِيۖ إِنِّي أَخَافُ أَن يُكَذِّبُونِ

     waʔaḵī hārūnu huwa ʔafṣaḥu minnī lisānan faʔarsilhu maʕiya ridʔan yuṣaddiqunī ʔinnī ʔaḵāfu ʔan yukaḏḏibūni

     My brother Aaron is more eloquent than me in speech. Therefor send him with me as a helper to confirm me. Lo! I fear that they will give the lie to me.

2. to accuse or tell that something is false or deceitful, to disbelieve [with accusative ‘something’]

   Antonym: صَدَّقَ (ṣaddaqa)

   كَذَّبَ الْخَبَرَ ― kaḏḏaba l-ḵabara ― He didn't believe the news.

3. to disbelieve in [with بِ (bi) ‘in’]

   Antonym: صَدَّقَ بِـ (ṣaddaqa bi-)

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 78:28:

     وَكَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَا كِذَّابًا

     wakaḏḏabū biʔāyātinā kiḏḏāban

     They called Our revelations false with strong denial.

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 92:4-10:

     إِنَّ سَعْيَكُمْ لَشَتَّى
     فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَعْطَى وَٱتَّقَى
     وَصَدَّقَ بِٱلْحُسْنَى
     فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْيُسْرَى
     وَأَمَّا مَن بَخِلَ وَٱسْتَغْنَى
     وَكَذَّبَ بِٱلْحُسْنَى
     فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْعُسْرَى

     ʔinna saʕyakum lašattā
     fa-ʔammā man ʔaʕṭā wa-ttaqā
     wa-ṣaddaqa bi-l-ḥusnā
     fa-sanuyassiruhu li-l-yusrā
     wa-ʔammā man baḵila wa-staḡnā
     wa-kaḏḏaba bi-l-ḥusnā
     fa-sanuyassiruhu li-l-ʕusrā

     Lo! your effort is dispersed (toward divers ends).
     As for him who giveth and is dutiful (toward Allah)
     And believeth in goodness;
     Surely We will ease his way unto the state of ease.
     But as for him who hoardeth and deemeth himself independent,
     And disbelieveth in goodness;
     Surely We will ease his way unto adversity.

     Translation by Marmaduke Pickthall

4. (rare) to make (someone) disbelieve (in)
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 95:7:

     فَمَا يُكَذِّبُكَ بَعْدُ بِالدِّينِ

     famā yukaḏḏibuka baʕdu bi-d-dīni

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

5. to disprove, to refute
6. to be inactive, to be deactivated
7. to abstain, to desist

• “كذب” in Almaany

كَذِب or كِذْب • (kaḏib or kiḏb) m (usually uncountable)

1. verbal noun of كَذَبَ (kaḏaba) (form I)
2. lying
3. lie, falsehood, untruth

• Haywood, J.A., Nahmad, H.M. (1965) “كذب”, in A new Arabic grammar, 2^nd edition, London: Lund Humphries, →ISBN
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “كذب”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen

كَذِب or كِذْب • (kaḏib or kiḏb)

1. false
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 12:18:

     وَجَاءُوا عَلَىٰ قَمِيصِهِ بِدَمٍ كَذِبٍ

     wajāʔū ʕalā qamīṣihi bidamin kaḏibin

     And they brought his shirt and stained it with false blood.

From Arabic كَذَبَ (kaḏaba).

• IPA^(key): /ki.zib/, /ki.dib/, /ki.ðib/

كذب • (kizib, kidib, kiḏib) I (non-past يِكْذِب (yikzib, yikdib, yikḏib))

1. (intransitive) to lie, to not tell the truth
2. to lie to (someone)

   Antonym: صَدَق (ṣadag)

   ما اكذب عليك. ― mā akḏib ʕalēk. ― I won't lie to you.

From Arabic كَذَّبَ (kaḏḏaba).

• IPA^(key): /kaz.zab/, /kad.dab/, /kað.ðab/

كذب • (kazzab, kaddab, kaḏḏab) II (non-past يِكَذِّب (yikazzib, yikaddib, yikaḏḏib))

1. to allege of lying, to disbelieve someone
2. to accuse or tell that something is false or deceitful, to disbelieve
3. to disbelieve, to deny

From Arabic كِذْب (kiḏb).

• IPA^(key): /kidib/, /kizib/, /kiðib/

كِذِب • (kidib, kizib, kiḏib) m pl

1. lie, falsehood, untruth, fraud, deceit

   Synonyms: بَكْشْ (bakš), فَقْش (fagš)

Learned borrowing from Arabic كَذَبَ (kaḏaba).

• IPA^(key): /ki.zib/, [ˈkɪ.zɪb]

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كذب • (kizib) I (present بكذب (bikzab))

1. to lie

Learned borrowing from Arabic كَذَّبَ (kaḏḏaba).

• IPA^(key): /kaz.zab/, [ˈkaz.zab]

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كذّب • (kazzab) II (present بكذّب (bikazzeb))

1. to lie