کول
Central Kurdish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʊl/
Adjective
کول (kul)
Derived terms
- کولی (kulî)
Mazanderani
Etymology 1
Compare Central Kurdish کول (kul).
Noun
کول (kul)
Etymology 2
Compare Persian کوه, Arabic قلة.
Derived terms
- کولاب (kulāb, “wave”)
Noun
کول (kul)
Etymology 3
present stem of Mazanderani کول بموئن (kul bemu'en, “to ferment, to boil”)
Noun
کول (kul)
Pashto
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥náwti.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ka.ˈwəl/
- (Dialectal) IPA(key): /koːl/
Verb
کول • (kawә́l) (present imperfect stem کو (kaw), present perfect stem کړ (k(ṙ)), past perfect stem کړ (kṙ))
Usage notes
The ړ is not always pronounced in present perfective forms in colloquial speech, but in some dialects and formal speaking it is always pronounced.
Conjugation
| singular | plural | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person m | 3rd person f | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person m | 3rd person f | |||
| زۀ | تۀ | دی / هغه | دا / هغه | موږ | تاسې | دوی / هغوی | ||||
| present imperfective |
کوم (kawә́m) |
کوې (kawe) |
کوي (kawí) |
کوو (kawú) |
کوﺉ (kawә́i) |
کوي (kawí) | ||||
| present perfective |
کړم (kəm) |
کړې (ke) |
کړي (ki) |
کړو (ku) |
کړﺉ (kəi) |
کړي (ki) | ||||
| past imperfective |
کولم (kawә́ləm) |
کولې (kawә́le) |
کاوۀ (kāwә́) |
کوله (kawә́la) |
کولو (kawә́lu) |
کولﺉ (kawә́ləi) |
کول / کولۀ (kawә́lə / kawә́l) |
کولې (kawә́le) | ||
| past perfective |
کړم / کړلم (kṛələm / kṛəm) |
کړې / کړلې (kṛəle / kṛe) |
کړ (kə / kṛ) |
کړه / کړله (kṛəla / kṛa) |
کړو / کړلو (kṛəlu / kṛu) |
کړﺉ / کړلﺉ (kṛələi / kṛəi) |
کړلۀ / کړل (kṛəl/ kṛələ) |
کړلې (kṛəle) | ||
| تۀ | تاسو | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | |||
| وکړه (wë ka) |
وکړئ (wë kəi) | ||
| Negative | |||
| مه کوه (mә́ këwa) |
مه کوئ (mә́ këwәi) |
Related terms
- کېدل (kedël) (intransitive)
Further reading
- Pashto-English Dictionary, Qamosona.com
- Raverty, H. G. (Henry George). A dictionary of the Puk'hto, Pus'hto, or language of the Afghans: with remarks on the originality of the language, and its affinity to other oriental tongues. Second edition, with considerable additions. London: Williams and Norgate, 1867
References
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 238
Persian
Etymology 1
From Middle Persian 𐫐𐫇𐫓 (kwl /kōl/, “pit, sink”). Related to کولیدن (kulidan, “to dig, furrow”).
The sense 'lake' probably from a Turkic source, compare Uzbek koʻl (“lake”), Kazakh көл (köl, “lake”), Bashkir күл (kül, “lake”), from Proto-Turkic *kȫl (“lake”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ˈkoːl/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [kʰoːl]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [kʰuːl̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [kʰɵl]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | kōl |
| Dari reading? | kōl |
| Iranian reading? | kul |
| Tajik reading? | kül |
Noun
| Dari | کول |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | кӯл |
کول • (kôl)
Synonyms
- کولاب (kôlâb)
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [kʰuːl]
Noun
کول • (kul)
Derived terms
- کوله (kule)
Punjabi
Etymology
Inherited from Old Punjabi ਕੋਲਿ (koli), from Prakrit 𑀓𑁄𑀮 (kōla), from Sanskrit कोल (kōlá).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Punjabi) IPA(key): /koːl/, /koːɭ/
Adjective
کول or کوࣇ • (kol or koḷ) (indeclinable, Gurmukhi spelling ਕੋਲ or ਕੋਲ਼)
Adverb
کول or کوࣇ • (kol or koḷ) (Gurmukhi spelling ਕੋਲ or ਕੋਲ਼)
Postposition
کول or کوࣇ • (kol or koḷ) (Gurmukhi spelling ਕੋਲ or ਕੋਲ਼)
Further reading
- Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “کول”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
- Bashir, Kanwal (2012) “کول”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Hyattsville, MD: Dunwoody Press
- “ਕੋਲ਼”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2025
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “krōḍá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 187