ܫܢܬܐ
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
Etymology 1
Based on the Urmian dialect pronunciation; Inherited from Aramaic שַׁתָּא (šattā), from Proto-Semitic *šanat-; compare Arabic سَنَة (sana), Hebrew שָׁנָה (shaná) and Akkadian 𒈬 (šattum). The standardized form is based on the Urmian dialect.
Pronunciation
- (Standard) IPA(key): [ʃeːtɑː]
- (Nineveh Plains) IPA(key): [ʃɑːtɑː]
- (Urmia) IPA(key): [ʃiːtɑː]
Noun
ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ • (šētā) f sg (plural ܫܸܢܹ̈ܐ (šinnē))
- year (time period representing one revolution of the Earth around the Sun)
- ܝܘܼܪܟܵܐ ܕܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܬܪܸܥܣܲܪ ܝܲܪ̈ܚܹܐ
- yurkā d-šētā ìlēh triˁsar yarḥē
- The length of a year is twelve months.
- ܒܚܲܝܠܵܐ ܕܐܲܠܵܗܵܐ ܒܸܬ ܕܵܥܪܲܚ ܠܐܲܬܪܵܐ ܒܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ ܕܐܵܬ݂ܝܵܐ.
- b-ḥaylā d-allāhā bit dāˁraḥ l-atrā b-šētā d-āṯyā.
- God willing we will return to Assyria next year.
- ܒܢܲܝ̈ ܚܵܠܝܼ ܡܫܘܼܢܹܐ ܠܗܘܿܢ ܠܒܲܝܬܵܐ ܐ݇ܚܪܹܢܵܐ ܒܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ ܕܥܒ݂ܝܼܪܵܗ̇.
- bnay ḥālī mšūnē lhōn lbaytā ḥrēnā b-šētā dˁḇīrāh.
- My cousins moved house last year.
- (astronomy) year (corresponding time period for a different planet)
- ܥܲܠ ܢܸܪܓܲܠ، ܡܸܬ݂ܚܵܐ ܕܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܐܸܫܬܲܡܐܵܐ ܬܡܵܢܝܼܢ ܘܫܲܒ݂ܥܵܐ ܝܲܘ̈ܡܵܬ݂ܵܐ.
- ˁal nirgal, miṯḥā d-šētā ìlēh ištamˀā tmānīn w-šaḇˁā yawmāṯā.
- On Mars, the duration of a year is six hundred and eighty-seven days.
Usage notes
- In addition to the native construct forms, ܫܹܢ݇ܬ (šēt) for the singular and ܫܸܢܲܝ̈ (šinnay) for the plural, the Classical forms ܫܢܲܬ݂ (šnaṯ) and ܫܢܲܝ̈ (šnay) are also attested.
Inflection
| isolated forms | with possessive pronouns | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| state | form | person | singular | plural | ||||
| m | f | |||||||
| singular | absolute | ܫܹܢ݇ܬ (šēt) | 1st person | ܫܹܢ݇ܬܝܼ (šētī) | ܫܹܢ݇ܬܲܢ (šētan) | |||
| construct | ܫܹܢ݇ܬ (šēt) | 2nd person | ܫܹܢ݇ܬܘܼܟ݂ (šētōḵ) | ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܟ݂ܝ (šētāḵ) | ܫܹܢ݇ܬܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (šētawḵōn) | |||
| emphatic | ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ (šētā) | 3rd person | ܫܹܢ݇ܬܹܗ (šētēh) | ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܗ̇ (šētāh) | ܫܹܢ݇ܬܗܘܿܢ (šēthōn) | |||
| plural | absolute | ܫܸܢܝܼ̈ܢ (šinīn) | 1st person | ܫܸܢܝܼ̈ (šinī) | ܫܸܢܲܢ̈ (šinnan) | |||
| construct | ܫܸܢܲܝ̈ (šinnay) | 2nd person | ܫܸܢܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (šinōḵ) | ܫܸܢܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (šinnāḵ) | ܫܸܢܲܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (šinnawḵōn) | |||
| emphatic | ܫܸܢܹ̈ܐ (šinnē) | 3rd person | ܫܸܢܘܼ̈ܗܝ (šinūh) | ܫܸܢܘܼ̈ܗ̇ (šinnōh) | ܫܸܢܲܝ̈ܗܘܿܢ (šinnayhōn) | |||
Coordinate terms
- ܝܲܘܡܵܐ (yawmā, “day”), ܫܵܒ݂ܘܿܥܵܐ (šāḇōˁā, “week”), ܝܲܪܚܵܐ (yarḥā, “month”), ܐܸܩܡܵܐ (iqmā, “season”)
- ܥܣܲܪܬܵܐ (ˁsartā, “decade”), ܕܲܘܪܵܐ (dawrā, “century”), ܐܲܠܦܵܝܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ (alpāyūṯā, “millennium”)
Derived terms
- ܐܲܕ݇ܫܲܢ݇ܬ (aššat, “this year”)
- ܒܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ (b-šētā, “during the year”)
- ܒܲܪ ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ (bar šētā, “one-year-old”)
- ܓܲܘ ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ (gaw šētā, “per annum”)
- ܟܠܫܲܢ݇ܬ (kulšat, “every year”)
- ܪܹܝܫ ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ (rēš šētā, “new year”)
- ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ ܒܲܗܪܵܢܵܝܬܵܐ (šētā bahrānāytā, “light year”)
- ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ ܟܒ݂ܝܼܫܬܵܐ (šētā kḇīštā, “leap year”)
- ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ ܦܫܝܼܛܬܵܐ (šētā pšīṭtā, “common year”)
- ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܢܵܐܝܼܬ݂ (šētānāˀīṯ, “yearly, annually”)
- ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܢܵܝܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ (šētānāyūṯā, “annual cycle”)
- ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܢܵܝܵܐ (šētānāyā, “annual”)
Etymology 2
| Root |
|---|
| ܝ ܫ ܢ (y š n) |
| 1 term |
Compare Arabic سِنَة (sina), Hebrew שֵׁנָה (sheiná).
Pronunciation
- (Standard) IPA(key): [ʃɪn.θɑː]
- (Nineveh Plains) IPA(key): [ʃɪn.θa]
- (Urmia) IPA(key): [ʃɪn.tɑː]
Noun
ܫܸܢܬ݂ܵܐ • (šinṯā) f
- sleep
- ܝܼܠܵܗ̇ ܫܸܢܬ݂ܝܼ ― īlāh šinṯī ― I’m sleepy (literally, “It’s my sleep.”)
- ܠܵܐ ܝܠܵܗ̇ ܫܸܢܬ݂ܵܗ̇ ― lā ìlāh šinṯāh ― She’s not sleepy. (literally, “It’s not her sleep.”)
Inflection
| number | isolated forms | with possessive pronouns | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| state | form | person | singular | plural | ||||
| m | f | |||||||
| singular | absolute | ܫܸܢܵܐ (šinnā) | 1st person | ܫܸܢܬ݂ܝܼ (šinṯī) | ܫܸܢܬ݂ܲܢ (šinṯan) | |||
| construct | ܫܸܢܲܬ݂ (šinnaṯ) | 2nd person | ܫܸܢܬ݂ܘܼܟ݂ (šinṯōḵ) | ܫܸܢܬ݂ܵܟ݂ܝ (šinṯāḵ) | ܫܸܢܬ݂ܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (šinṯawḵōn) | |||
| emphatic | ܫܸܢܬ݂ܵܐ (šinṯā) | 3rd person | ܫܸܢܬ݂ܹܗ (šinṯēh) | ܫܸܢܬ݂ܵܗ̇ (šinṯāh) | ܫܸܢܬ݂ܗܘܿܢ (šinṯhōn) | |||
Derived terms
- ܫܸܢܬ݂ܵܢܵܐ (šinṯānā, “sleepy”)
Etymology 3
Compare Arabic أُشْنَة (ʔušna).
Pronunciation
- (Standard) IPA(key): [ʃan.tɑː]
Noun
ܫܲܢܬܵܐ • (šantā) f
Inflection
| number | isolated forms | with possessive pronouns | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| state | form | person | singular | plural | ||||
| m | f | |||||||
| singular | absolute | ܫܲܢܵܐ (šannā) | 1st person | ܫܲܢܬܝܼ (šantī) | ܫܲܢܬܲܢ (šantan) | |||
| construct | ܫܲܢܲܬ݂ (šannaṯ) | 2nd person | ܫܲܢܬܘܼܟ݂ (šantōḵ) | ܫܲܢܬܵܟ݂ܝ (šantāḵ) | ܫܲܢܬܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (šantawḵōn) | |||
| emphatic | ܫܲܢܬܵܐ (šantā) | 3rd person | ܫܲܢܬܹܗ (šantēh) | ܫܲܢܬܵܗ̇ (šantāh) | ܫܲܢܬܗܘܿܢ (šanthōn) | |||
References
- “ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ”, in Sureth Dictionary, Association Assyrophile de France, (Can we date this quote?)
- “ܫܲܢܬ݂ܵܐ”, in Sureth Dictionary, Association Assyrophile de France, (Can we date this quote?)
- “ܫܸܢܬܵܐ”, in Sureth Dictionary, Association Assyrophile de France, (Can we date this quote?)
Classical Syriac
Etymology 1
From Proto-Semitic *šanat-.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Edessan) IPA(key): /ʃantɑ/, [ˈʃat.tɑ]
- (Eastern Syriac) IPA(key): [ˈʃat.tɑ]
- (Western Syriac) IPA(key): [ˈʃɑ.to]
Noun
ܫܢܬܐ • (ša[n]tā) f (plural ܫܢܝܐ (šənayyā))
Inflection
| isolated forms | with possessive pronouns | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| state | form | person | singular | plural | ||||
| m | f | m | f | |||||
| singular | absolute | ܫܢܐ | 1st person | ܫܢܬܝ | ܫܢܬܢ | |||
| construct | ܫܢܬ | 2nd person | ܫܢܬܟ | ܫܢܬܟܝ | ܫܢܬܟܘܢ | ܫܢܬܟܝܢ | ||
| emphatic | 3rd person | ܫܢܬܗ | ܫܢܬܗ | ܫܢܬܗܘܢ | ܫܢܬܗܝܢ | |||
| plural | absolute | ܫܢܝܢ | 1st person | ܫܢܝ | ܫܢܝܢ | |||
| construct | ܫܢܝ | 2nd person | ܫܢܝܟ | ܫܢܝܟܝ | ܫܢܝܟܘܢ | ܫܢܝܟܝܢ | ||
| emphatic | ܫܢܝܐ | 3rd person | ܫܢܘܗܝ | ܫܢܝܗ | ܫܢܝܗܘܢ | ܫܢܝܗܝܢ | ||
Etymology 2
Compare Arabic أُشْنَة (ʔušna).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Edessan) IPA(key): [ˈʃa(.)n(ə).θɑ]
- (Eastern Syriac) IPA(key): [ˈʃan.θɑ]
- (Western Syriac) IPA(key): [ˈʃɑn.θo]
Noun
ܫܢܬܐ • (šanəṯā) f(uncountable)
Inflection
| isolated forms | with possessive pronouns | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| state | form | person | singular | plural | ||||
| m | f | m | f | |||||
| singular | absolute | ܫܢܐ | 1st person | ܫܢܬܝ | ܫܢܬܢ | |||
| construct | ܫܢܬ | 2nd person | ܫܢܬܟ | ܫܢܬܟܝ | ܫܢܬܟܘܢ | ܫܢܬܟܝܢ | ||
| emphatic | ܫܢܬܐ | 3rd person | ܫܢܬܗ | ܫܢܬܗ | ܫܢܬܗܘܢ | ܫܢܬܗܝܢ | ||
Etymology 3
| Root |
|---|
| ܝ ܫ ܢ |
| 1 term |
Compare Arabic سِنَة (sina) and Hebrew שֵׁנָה (šēnā).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Edessan) IPA(key): [ˈʃɛ(.)n(ə).θɑ]
- (Eastern Syriac) IPA(key): [ˈʃɪn.θɑ]
- (Western Syriac) IPA(key): [ˈʃen.θo]
Noun
ܫܢܬܐ • (šenəṯā) f(uncountable)
Inflection
| isolated forms | with possessive pronouns | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| state | form | person | singular | plural | ||||
| m | f | m | f | |||||
| singular | absolute | ܫܢܐ | 1st person | ܫܢܬܝ | ܫܢܬܢ | |||
| construct | ܫܢܬ | 2nd person | ܫܢܬܟ | ܫܢܬܟܝ | ܫܢܬܟܘܢ | ܫܢܬܟܝܢ | ||
| emphatic | ܫܢܬܐ | 3rd person | ܫܢܬܗ | ܫܢܬܗ | ܫܢܬܗܘܢ | ܫܢܬܗܝܢ | ||
Etymology 4
Pronunciation
- (Classical Edessan) IPA(key): [ʃɛnˈnɑ.θɑ]
- (Eastern Syriac) IPA(key): [ʃɪnˈnɑ.θɑ]
- (Western Syriac) IPA(key): [ʃeˈno.θo]
Noun
ܫܢܬܐ • (šennāṯā)
References
- “šnh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 10 July 2011
- “šntˀ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 10 July 2011
- “šnh2”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 15 November 2020
- Brockelmann, Carl (1928) Lexicon Syriacum (in Latin), 2nd edition, Halle: Max Niemeyer, published 1995, page 789b
- Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 374a
- Löw, Immanuel (1881) Aramæische Pflanzennamen[1] (in German), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, , page 385
- Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 587a, 588a
- Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, →ISBN, pages 1581a–b