आम्र

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

আম্ৰ (Assamese script)
ᬆᬫ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
আম্র (Bengali script)
𑰁𑰦𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀆𑀫𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
အာမြ (Burmese script)
આમ્ર (Gujarati script)
ਆਮ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌆𑌮𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
ꦄꦴꦩꦿ (Javanese script)
𑂄𑂧𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
ಆಮ್ರ (Kannada script)
អាម្រ (Khmer script)
ອາມ຺ຣ (Lao script)
ആമ്ര (Malayalam script)
ᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠮᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘁𑘦𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
ᠠᢗᠮᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦡𑧆𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
𑐁𑐩𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
ଆମ୍ର (Odia script)
ꢃꢪ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
𑆄𑆩𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
𑖁𑖦𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
ආම්‍ර (Sinhalese script)
𑩐𑩛𑩴 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
𑚁𑚢𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
ஆம்ர (Tamil script)
ఆమ్ర (Telugu script)
อามฺร (Thai script)
ཨཱ་མྲ (Tibetan script)
𑒂𑒧𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
𑨀𑨊𑨢𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂h₃m-ro- (“sour”). Compare अम्ल (amla, “sour”), Proto-Germanic *ampraz (“sour”), Latin amārus (“bitter, sharp tasting”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɑːm.ɾɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɑːm.ɾɐ/

Noun

आम्र • (āmrá) stem, m

the mango fruit
- c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa
the mango tree, Mangifera indica

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of आम्र
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	आम्रः (āmráḥ)	आम्रौ (āmraú) आम्रा¹ (āmrā́¹)	आम्राः (āmrā́ḥ) आम्रासः¹ (āmrā́saḥ¹)
accusative	आम्रम् (āmrám)	आम्रौ (āmraú) आम्रा¹ (āmrā́¹)	आम्रान् (āmrā́n)
instrumental	आम्रेण (āmréṇa)	आम्राभ्याम् (āmrā́bhyām)	आम्रैः (āmraíḥ) आम्रेभिः¹ (āmrébhiḥ¹)
dative	आम्राय (āmrā́ya)	आम्राभ्याम् (āmrā́bhyām)	आम्रेभ्यः (āmrébhyaḥ)
ablative	आम्रात् (āmrā́t)	आम्राभ्याम् (āmrā́bhyām)	आम्रेभ्यः (āmrébhyaḥ)
genitive	आम्रस्य (āmrásya)	आम्रयोः (āmráyoḥ)	आम्राणाम् (āmrā́ṇām)
locative	आम्रे (āmré)	आम्रयोः (āmráyoḥ)	आम्रेषु (āmréṣu)
vocative	आम्र (ā́mra)	आम्रौ (ā́mrau) आम्रा¹ (ā́mrā¹)	आम्राः (ā́mrāḥ) आम्रासः¹ (ā́mrāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Descendants

Dardic:
- Kashmiri:
  Arabic script: اَمب (amb)
  
  Devanagari script: अंब (aṃb)
Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀩 (aṃba)
- Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀩 (aṃba)
  - Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀩 (aṃba)
    - Assamese: আম (am)
    - Bengali: আম (am)
    - Bhojpuri:
      Devanagari script: आम (ām)
      
      Kaithi script: 𑂄𑂧 (ām)
    - Chakma: 𑄃𑄟𑄴
    - Odia: ଆମ୍ବ (āmba)
    - Rohingya:
      Hanifi Rohingya script: 𐴀𐴝𐴔𐴧 (amm)
      
      Latin script: amm
    - Sylheti: ꠀꠝ (am)
  - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀩 (aṃba)
    - Old Marathi:
      Devanagari script: आंबा (āṃbā)
      
      Modi script: 𑘁𑘽𑘤 (āṃba)
      - Marathi: आंबा (āmbā)
        Iraqi Arabic: عَمْبَة (ʿamba)
        Hebrew: עַמְבָּה (ʿámbā)
        English: amba
    - Konkani:
      Devanagari script: आम्बो (āmbô)
      
      Kannada script: ಆಂಬೊ (āmbô)
      
      Latin script: ambo
    - → Arabic: عَنْبَة (ʕanba), عَنْبَا (ʕanbā)
      - → Middle Armenian: անապ (anap), անպ (anp)
      - → Somali: cámbe
    - → Middle Persian: *anbag
      - Persian: انبه (anbe)
      - Baluchi: ہمب (humb)
      - → Arabic: أَنْبَج (ʔanbaj)
        → Middle Armenian: ամպաճ (ampač), անպաճ (anpač), անապաճ (anapač)
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀩 (aṃba)
    - Dogri:
      Devanagari script: अम्ब (amb)
      
      Dogra script: 𑠀𑠢𑠹𑠠 (amba)
    - Hindustani:
      - Hindi: आम (ām)
      - Urdu: آم (ām)
    - Kachchi: આમુ (āmu)
    - Punjabi:
      Gurmukhi script: ਅੰਬ (amba)
      
      Shahmukhi script: اَمْب (amb)
    - Marwari: आंब (āmb)
    - Saurashtra:
      Saurashtra script: ꢂꢀꢨꣁ (aṃbo)
      
      Tamil script: அம்பொ (ambo)
    - Sindhi:
      Arabic script: اَنبُ
      
      Devanagari script: अंबु
    - Khasa Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀩 (aṃba)
      - → Nepali: आँप (ā̃p)
Dhivehi: އަނބު (aᵐbu)
Pali: amba
→ Swahili: embe (an early borrowing from an Indo-Iranian language)
→ Tocharian B: āmpär

References

“आम्र॑” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 65, column 1.
Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “आम्र”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 041
Monier Williams (1899) “आम्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 147/3.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 171