खण्ड

Hindi

Pronunciation

  • (Delhi) IPA(key): /kʰəɳɖ/, [kʰɐ̃ɳɖ]

Noun

खण्ड • (khaṇḍm (Urdu spelling کھنڈ)

  1. alternative spelling of खंड (khaṇḍ)

Declension

Declension of खण्ड (masc cons-stem)
singular plural
direct खण्ड
khaṇḍ
खण्ड
khaṇḍ
oblique खण्ड
khaṇḍ
खण्डों
khaṇḍõ
vocative खण्ड
khaṇḍ
खण्डो
khaṇḍo

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

Etymology

An internally-derived word, likely of non-Indo-European,[1] probably Dravidian origin; compare Tamil கண்டு (kaṇṭu, hard candy), கண்டம் (kaṇṭam, piece, part), Tamil கட்டு (kaṭṭu, to harden, condense), Tamil கண்டி (kaṇṭi, to cut).[2] Watkins instead suggests a borrowing from Munda,[3] while Mayrhofer mentions a potential connection to क्षद् (kṣad, to cut, carve).[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

खण्ड • (khaṇḍa) stemm or n

  1. a break, gap
  2. a chip, piece, slice, bit, portion, fragment
  3. clause, chapter, section (of a work, document)
  4. candied sugar, dried molasses, treacle
  5. (archaic) a variety of sugar cane
  6. a continent
  7. (algebra) a term in an equation
  8. a party, number, multitude, assemblage

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of खण्ड
singular dual plural
nominative खण्डः (khaṇḍaḥ) खण्डौ (khaṇḍau)
खण्डा¹ (khaṇḍā¹)
खण्डाः (khaṇḍāḥ)
खण्डासः¹ (khaṇḍāsaḥ¹)
accusative खण्डम् (khaṇḍam) खण्डौ (khaṇḍau)
खण्डा¹ (khaṇḍā¹)
खण्डान् (khaṇḍān)
instrumental खण्डेन (khaṇḍena) खण्डाभ्याम् (khaṇḍābhyām) खण्डैः (khaṇḍaiḥ)
खण्डेभिः¹ (khaṇḍebhiḥ¹)
dative खण्डाय (khaṇḍāya) खण्डाभ्याम् (khaṇḍābhyām) खण्डेभ्यः (khaṇḍebhyaḥ)
ablative खण्डात् (khaṇḍāt) खण्डाभ्याम् (khaṇḍābhyām) खण्डेभ्यः (khaṇḍebhyaḥ)
genitive खण्डस्य (khaṇḍasya) खण्डयोः (khaṇḍayoḥ) खण्डानाम् (khaṇḍānām)
locative खण्डे (khaṇḍe) खण्डयोः (khaṇḍayoḥ) खण्डेषु (khaṇḍeṣu)
vocative खण्ड (khaṇḍa) खण्डौ (khaṇḍau)
खण्डा¹ (khaṇḍā¹)
खण्डाः (khaṇḍāḥ)
खण्डासः¹ (khaṇḍāsaḥ¹)
  • ¹Vedic
Neuter a-stem declension of खण्ड
singular dual plural
nominative खण्डम् (khaṇḍam) खण्डे (khaṇḍe) खण्डानि (khaṇḍāni)
खण्डा¹ (khaṇḍā¹)
accusative खण्डम् (khaṇḍam) खण्डे (khaṇḍe) खण्डानि (khaṇḍāni)
खण्डा¹ (khaṇḍā¹)
instrumental खण्डेन (khaṇḍena) खण्डाभ्याम् (khaṇḍābhyām) खण्डैः (khaṇḍaiḥ)
खण्डेभिः¹ (khaṇḍebhiḥ¹)
dative खण्डाय (khaṇḍāya) खण्डाभ्याम् (khaṇḍābhyām) खण्डेभ्यः (khaṇḍebhyaḥ)
ablative खण्डात् (khaṇḍāt) खण्डाभ्याम् (khaṇḍābhyām) खण्डेभ्यः (khaṇḍebhyaḥ)
genitive खण्डस्य (khaṇḍasya) खण्डयोः (khaṇḍayoḥ) खण्डानाम् (khaṇḍānām)
locative खण्डे (khaṇḍe) खण्डयोः (khaṇḍayoḥ) खण्डेषु (khaṇḍeṣu)
vocative खण्ड (khaṇḍa) खण्डे (khaṇḍe) खण्डानि (khaṇḍāni)
खण्डा¹ (khaṇḍā¹)
  • ¹Vedic

Noun

खण्ड • (khaṇḍa) stemm

  1. a flaw in a jewel
  2. a calf with horns half-grown
  3. (music) a kind of measure

Adjective

खण्ड • (khaṇḍa) stem

  1. broken, having chasms or gaps or breaks
  2. deficient, defective, crippled
  3. not full (as the moon)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of खण्ड
singular dual plural
nominative खण्डः (khaṇḍaḥ) खण्डौ (khaṇḍau) खण्डाः (khaṇḍāḥ)
accusative खण्डम् (khaṇḍam) खण्डौ (khaṇḍau) खण्डान् (khaṇḍān)
instrumental खण्डेन (khaṇḍena) खण्डाभ्याम् (khaṇḍābhyām) खण्डैः (khaṇḍaiḥ)
dative खण्डाय (khaṇḍāya) खण्डाभ्याम् (khaṇḍābhyām) खण्डेभ्यः (khaṇḍebhyaḥ)
ablative खण्डात् (khaṇḍāt) खण्डाभ्याम् (khaṇḍābhyām) खण्डेभ्यः (khaṇḍebhyaḥ)
genitive खण्डस्य (khaṇḍasya) खण्डयोः (khaṇḍayoḥ) खण्डानाम् (khaṇḍānām)
locative खण्डे (khaṇḍe) खण्डयोः (khaṇḍayoḥ) खण्डेषु (khaṇḍeṣu)
vocative खण्ड (khaṇḍa) खण्डौ (khaṇḍau) खण्डाः (khaṇḍāḥ)
Feminine ā-stem declension of खण्ड
singular dual plural
nominative खण्डा (khaṇḍā) खण्डे (khaṇḍe) खण्डाः (khaṇḍāḥ)
accusative खण्डाम् (khaṇḍām) खण्डे (khaṇḍe) खण्डाः (khaṇḍāḥ)
instrumental खण्डया (khaṇḍayā) खण्डाभ्याम् (khaṇḍābhyām) खण्डाभिः (khaṇḍābhiḥ)
dative खण्डायै (khaṇḍāyai) खण्डाभ्याम् (khaṇḍābhyām) खण्डाभ्यः (khaṇḍābhyaḥ)
ablative खण्डायाः (khaṇḍāyāḥ) खण्डाभ्याम् (khaṇḍābhyām) खण्डाभ्यः (khaṇḍābhyaḥ)
genitive खण्डायाः (khaṇḍāyāḥ) खण्डयोः (khaṇḍayoḥ) खण्डानाम् (khaṇḍānām)
locative खण्डायाम् (khaṇḍāyām) खण्डयोः (khaṇḍayoḥ) खण्डासु (khaṇḍāsu)
vocative खण्डे (khaṇḍe) खण्डे (khaṇḍe) खण्डाः (khaṇḍāḥ)
Neuter a-stem declension of खण्ड
singular dual plural
nominative खण्डम् (khaṇḍam) खण्डे (khaṇḍe) खण्डानि (khaṇḍāni)
accusative खण्डम् (khaṇḍam) खण्डे (khaṇḍe) खण्डानि (khaṇḍāni)
instrumental खण्डेन (khaṇḍena) खण्डाभ्याम् (khaṇḍābhyām) खण्डैः (khaṇḍaiḥ)
dative खण्डाय (khaṇḍāya) खण्डाभ्याम् (khaṇḍābhyām) खण्डेभ्यः (khaṇḍebhyaḥ)
ablative खण्डात् (khaṇḍāt) खण्डाभ्याम् (khaṇḍābhyām) खण्डेभ्यः (khaṇḍebhyaḥ)
genitive खण्डस्य (khaṇḍasya) खण्डयोः (khaṇḍayoḥ) खण्डानाम् (khaṇḍānām)
locative खण्डे (khaṇḍe) खण्डयोः (khaṇḍayoḥ) खण्डेषु (khaṇḍeṣu)
vocative खण्ड (khaṇḍa) खण्डे (khaṇḍe) खण्डानि (khaṇḍāni)

Descendants

  • Pali: khaṇḍa (piece), khaṇḍikā (broken bit, stick)
  • Dardic:
    • Kalasha: khōṇḍa (half)
    • Kashmiri: کھونڈ (khonḍụ, broken, maimed)
  • Western:
    • Punjabi:
      Gurmukhi script: ਖੰਨਾ (khannā), ਖੰਨੀ (khannī)
      Shahmukhi script: کھَنَّا (khannā), کھَنِّی (khanniī)
        • Lahnda: کھنا (piece, a scrap of bread)
    • Sindhi:
      Devanagari script: खनु (khanu), खनी (khanī)
      Arabic script: کَنُ (khanu), کَنِي (khanī)
  • Central:
    • Gujarati: ખાંદું (khā̃dũ, broken)
    • Hindustani:
    • Romani: xai̦i
      • Romano-Greek: xandí, xanrík (a little), xarno (humble, low)
  • Eastern:
    • Assamese: -খন (-khon)
    • Bengali: -খান (-khan), -খানা (-khana), -খানি (-khani)
    • Bihari: खंडा, खाँड़ी (a woman's sari)
      • Bhojpuri: खाँड़ा (khā̃ṛā, piece)
  • Northern:
    • Kumaoni: खन (khan, half), खानुड़ो (khānuṛo, piece)
    • Nepali: खणेउलि (khaṇeuli, broken bits of rice)
  • Southern:
    • Marathi: खंड (khaṇḍa, piece), खंडोळें (khaṇḍoḷẽ, piece)
    • Sinhalese: කඩ (kaḍa, broken piece, piece, piece of cloth)

Borrowed Terms

  • Gawar-Bati: کھݨڈ (khaṇḍa, hill pasture)
  • Bengali: খণ্ড (khonḍo)
  • Hindustani: (learned)
  • Punjabi: (learned)
  • Persian: کند (kand) (see there for further descendants)
  • Telugu: ఖండము (khaṇḍamu)

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “KHAṆḌ”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 444
  2. ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “candy”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
  3. ^ candy”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.

Further reading