गिरि
Old Awadhi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit गिरि (giri).
Noun
गिरि (giri) (𑂏𑂱𑂩𑂱, Perso-Arabic گِر)
- mountain, hill
- c. 1500s CE, Tulsīdās, Saṅkaṭmocan Hanumān Aṣṭak:
- बालि की त्रास कपीस बसै गिरि
- bāli kī trāsa kapīsa basai giri
- /bāli kī trās kapīs basai giri/
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- बालि की त्रास कपीस बसै गिरि
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
Noun
गिरि m
- Devanagari script form of giri (“mountain”)
Declension
Declension table of "गिरि" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | गिरि (giri) | गिरयो (girayo) or गिरी (girī) |
| Accusative (second) | गिरिं (giriṃ) | गिरयो (girayo) or गिरी (girī) |
| Instrumental (third) | गिरिना (girinā) | गिरीहि (girīhi) or गिरीभि (girībhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | गिरिस्स (girissa) or गिरिनो (girino) | गिरीनं (girīnaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | गिरिस्मा (girismā) or गिरिम्हा (girimhā) | गिरीहि (girīhi) or गिरीभि (girībhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | गिरिस्स (girissa) or गिरिनो (girino) | गिरीनं (girīnaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | गिरिस्मिं (girismiṃ) or गिरिम्हि (girimhi) | गिरीसु (girīsu) |
| Vocative (calling) | गिरि (giri) | गिरयो (girayo) or गिरी (girī) |
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- গিৰি (Assamese script)
- ᬕᬶᬭᬶ (Balinese script)
- গিরি (Bengali script)
- 𑰐𑰰𑰨𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀕𑀺𑀭𑀺 (Brahmi script)
- ဂိရိ (Burmese script)
- ગિરિ (Gujarati script)
- ਗਿਰਿ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌗𑌿𑌰𑌿 (Grantha script)
- ꦒꦶꦫꦶ (Javanese script)
- 𑂏𑂱𑂩𑂱 (Kaithi script)
- ಗಿರಿ (Kannada script)
- គិរិ (Khmer script)
- ຄິຣິ (Lao script)
- ഗിരി (Malayalam script)
- ᡤᡳᡵᡳ (Manchu script)
- 𑘐𑘱𑘨𑘱 (Modi script)
- ᠺᠢᠷᠢ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦰𑧒𑧈𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐐𑐶𑐬𑐶 (Newa script)
- ଗିରି (Odia script)
- ꢔꢶꢬꢶ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆓𑆴𑆫𑆴 (Sharada script)
- 𑖐𑖰𑖨𑖰 (Siddham script)
- ගිරි (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩞𑩑𑩼𑩑 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚌𑚮𑚤𑚮 (Takri script)
- கி³ரி (Tamil script)
- గిరి (Telugu script)
- คิริ (Thai script)
- གི་རི (Tibetan script)
- 𑒑𑒱𑒩𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨍𑨁𑨫𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Híš (“mountain”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥H-í-s (“elevation”), from *gʷerH- (“to elevate”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (gairi, “mountain”), Pashto غر (ǧar), Old Church Slavonic гора (gora, “mountain”), Ancient Greek Βορέας (Boréas), Albanian gur.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɡi.ɾí/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɡi.ɾi/
Noun
गिरि • (girí) stem, m
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | गिरिः (giríḥ) | गिरी (girī́) | गिरयः (giráyaḥ) |
| accusative | गिरिम् (girím) | गिरी (girī́) | गिरीन् (girī́n) |
| instrumental | गिरिणा (giríṇā) गिर्या¹ (giryā́¹) |
गिरिभ्याम् (giríbhyām) | गिरिभिः (giríbhiḥ) |
| dative | गिरये (giráye) | गिरिभ्याम् (giríbhyām) | गिरिभ्यः (giríbhyaḥ) |
| ablative | गिरेः (giréḥ) गिर्यः¹ (giryáḥ¹) |
गिरिभ्याम् (giríbhyām) | गिरिभ्यः (giríbhyaḥ) |
| genitive | गिरेः (giréḥ) गिर्यः¹ (giryáḥ¹) |
गिर्योः (giryóḥ) | गिरीणाम् (girīṇā́m) |
| locative | गिरौ (giraú) गिरा¹ (girā́¹) |
गिर्योः (giryóḥ) | गिरिषु (giríṣu) |
| vocative | गिरे (gíre) | गिरी (gírī) | गिरयः (gírayaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
- गिरीश (girīśa)
Descendants
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “गिरि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 355, column 2.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “गिरि”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “girí-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 487
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “giri”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 223
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵl̥h₂-í-s (“husband's sister”). Cognate with Armenian տալ (tal), Ancient Greek γάλως (gálōs), Latin glōs, Proto-Slavic *zъly.
However, the attestation of this meaning (instead of "mountain") is contested by Griffiths & Lubotsky (2009).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɡi.ɾi/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɡi.ɾi/
Noun
गिरि • (giri) stem, f
- sister-in-law (husband's sister)
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | गिरिः (giriḥ) | गिरी (girī) | गिरयः (girayaḥ) |
| accusative | गिरिम् (girim) | गिरी (girī) | गिरीः (girīḥ) |
| instrumental | गिर्या (giryā) गिरी¹ (girī¹) |
गिरिभ्याम् (giribhyām) | गिरिभिः (giribhiḥ) |
| dative | गिरये (giraye) गिर्यै² (giryai²) गिरी¹ (girī¹) |
गिरिभ्याम् (giribhyām) | गिरिभ्यः (giribhyaḥ) |
| ablative | गिरेः (gireḥ) गिर्याः² (giryāḥ²) गिर्यै³ (giryai³) |
गिरिभ्याम् (giribhyām) | गिरिभ्यः (giribhyaḥ) |
| genitive | गिरेः (gireḥ) गिर्याः² (giryāḥ²) गिर्यै³ (giryai³) |
गिर्योः (giryoḥ) | गिरीणाम् (girīṇām) |
| locative | गिरौ (girau) गिर्याम्² (giryām²) गिरा¹ (girā¹) |
गिर्योः (giryoḥ) | गिरिषु (giriṣu) |
| vocative | गिरे (gire) | गिरी (girī) | गिरयः (girayaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Later Sanskrit
- ³Brāhmaṇas
References
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “giri-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 487-8
- Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “giri- [1]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 213-4
- Griffiths, A. & Lubotsky, A. (2009). "Two Words for 'sister-in-law'?: Notes on Vedic yātar- and giri-." in Zarathushtra entre l'Inde et l'Iran, pages 115-121
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
गिरि • (girí) f
- locative singular of गिर् (gír, “praise”)