जागर्ति

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

জাগৰ্তি (Assamese script)
ᬚᬵᬕᬃᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
জাগর্তি (Bengali script)
𑰕𑰯𑰐𑰨𑰿𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀚𑀸𑀕𑀭𑁆𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
ဇာဂရ်္တိ (Burmese script)
જાગર્તિ (Gujarati script)
ਜਾਗਰ੍ਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌜𑌾𑌗𑌰𑍍𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
ꦗꦴꦒꦂꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
𑂔𑂰𑂏𑂩𑂹𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
ಜಾಗರ್ತಿ (Kannada script)
ជាគត៌ិ (Khmer script)
ຊາຄຣ຺ຕິ (Lao script)
ജാഗര്തി (Malayalam script)
ᡯᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡤᠠᡵᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘕𑘰𑘐𑘨𑘿𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
ᠽᠠᢗᠺᠠᠷᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑦵𑧑𑦰𑧈𑧠𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐖𑐵𑐐𑐬𑑂𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
ଜାଗର୍ତି (Odia script)
ꢙꢵꢔꢬ꣄ꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆘𑆳𑆓𑆫𑇀𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖕𑖯𑖐𑖨𑖿𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
ජාගර්‍ති (Sinhalese script)
𑩣𑩛𑩞𑩼 𑪙𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
𑚑𑚭𑚌𑚤𑚶𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
ஜாக³ர்தி (Tamil script)
జాగర్తి (Telugu script)
ชาครฺติ (Thai script)
ཛཱ་ག་རྟི (Tibetan script)
𑒖𑒰𑒑𑒩𑓂𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
𑨥𑨊𑨍𑨫𑩇𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

The present verb developed from the perfect जागार (jāgā́ra), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ge-h₁gór-e, from *h₁ger- (“to be awake, to awaken”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬀-𐬖𐬭𐬁𐬭𐬀𐬫𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (fra-γrārayeⁱti), Ancient Greek ἐγείρω (egeírō, “to awaken”), Middle Persian wygrʼd (wiγrād) (whence Modern Persian (bidâr, “awake”)).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɑː.ɡɐ́ɾ.ti/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɑː.ɡɐɾ.t̪i/

Verb

जागर्ति • (jāgárti) third-singular indicative (class 2, type P, present, root जागृ)

present of जागृ (jāgṛ)
Synonym: बोधति (bodhati)

Conjugation

Present: जागर्ति (jāgárti)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	जागर्ति jāgárti	जागृतः jāgṛtáḥ	जाग्रति jā́grati	- -	- -	- -
Second	जागर्षि jāgárṣi	जागृथः jāgṛtháḥ	जागृथ jāgṛthá	- -	- -	- -
First	जागर्मि / जागृमि² jāgármi / jāgṛmi²	जागृवः jāgṛváḥ	जागृमः / जागृमसि¹ jāgṛmáḥ / jāgṛmási¹	- -	- -	- -
Imperative
Third	जागर्तु jāgártu	जागृताम् jāgṛtā́m	जाग्रतु jā́gratu	- -	- -	- -
Second	जागृहि jāgṛhí	जागृतम् jāgṛtám	जागृत jāgṛtá	- -	- -	- -
First	जागराणि jāgárāṇi	जागराव jāgárāva	जागराम jāgárāma	- -	- -	- -
Optative/Potential
Third	जागृयात् jāgṛyā́t	जागृयाताम् jāgṛyā́tām	जागृयुः jāgṛyúḥ	- -	- -	- -
Second	जागृयाः jāgṛyā́ḥ	जागृयातम् jāgṛyā́tam	जागृयात jāgṛyā́ta	- -	- -	- -
First	जागृयाम् jāgṛyā́m	जागृयाव jāgṛyā́va	जागृयाम jāgṛyā́ma	- -	- -	- -
Subjunctive
Third	जागरत् / जागरति jāgárat / jāgárati	जागरतः jāgárataḥ	जागरन् jāgáran	- -	- -	- -
Second	जागरः / जागरसि jāgáraḥ / jāgárasi	जागरथः jāgárathaḥ	जागरथ jāgáratha	- -	- -	- -
First	जागराणि / जागरा jāgárāṇi / jāgárā	जागराव jāgárāva	जागराम jāgárāma	- -	- -	- -
Participles
	जाग्रत् jā́grat			- -
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic ²Epic Sanskrit

Imperfect: अजागः (ájāgaḥ)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अजागः ájāgaḥ	अजागृताम् ájāgṛtām	अजाग्रुः ájāgruḥ	- -	- -	- -
Second	अजागः ájāgaḥ	अजागृतम् ájāgṛtam	अजागृत ájāgṛta	- -	- -	- -
First	अजागरम् ájāgaram	अजागृव ájāgṛva	अजागृम ájāgṛma	- -	- -	- -

Related terms

जाग्रति (jāgrati)
जागरति (jāgarati)
जागरण (jāgaraṇa)
जागृति (jāgṛti)

Descendants

In descendants, the stem was thematicized based on forms in jāgr- (e.g. third-person plural jāgrati), whence Pali/Prakrit jagga-.

Pali: jaggati
- → Javanese: ꦗꦒ (jaga)
- → Malay: jaga
  - Baba Malay: jaga
  - Indonesian: jaga
  - → Tagalog: alaga (“to take care”)
  - → Malagasy: zaha (“to investigate”)
  - → Min Nan: 若呀 (jia̍k-gâ)
  - → Pattani Malay: جاݢاوْ / ยฺากฺอ (jagɔ)
  - → Tausug: jaga
  - → Ternate: jaga
Prakrit: 𑀚𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀇 (jaggaï) (see there for further descendants)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “जागर्ति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 417, column 1.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “jāgarti”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “JAR”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 574-575
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 245-246