तीर

Hindi

Pronunciation

  • (Delhi) IPA(key): /t̪iːɾ/
  • Rhymes: -iːɾ

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit तीर (tīra).

Noun

तीर • (tīr) m (Urdu spelling تیر)

  1. shore
  2. bank
  3. margin
  4. brink
  5. edge
Declension
Declension of तीर (masc cons-stem)
singular plural
direct तीर
tīr 		तीर
tīr
oblique तीर
tīr 		तीरों
tīrõ
vocative तीर
tīr 		तीरो
tīro

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian تیر (tīr).

Proper noun

तीर • (tīr) f (Urdu spelling تیر)

  1. (rare) Tir (fourth solar month of the Persian calendar)
  2. (rare) Mercury (planet)
    Synonym: बुध (budh)
Declension
Declension of तीर (sg-only fem cons-stem)
singular
direct तीर
tīr
oblique तीर
tīr
vocative तीर
tīr

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Classical Persian تیر (tīr), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭲𐭩𐭠 (ḥtyʾ) / HTYA / tgl (tigr, tīr, “arrow”). Compare Bengali তীর (tir), Gujarati તીર (tīr), Marathi तीर (tīr), Nepali तीर (tīra), Punjabi ਤੀਰ (tīr), Marwari तीर (tīr).

Noun

तीर • (tīr) m (Urdu spelling تیر)

  1. arrow
    Synonym: बाण (bāṇ)
  2. beam
  3. pole
Declension
Declension of तीर (masc cons-stem)
singular plural
direct तीर
tīr 		तीर
tīr
oblique तीर
tīr 		तीरों
tīrõ
vocative तीर
tīr 		तीरो
tīro

Marathi

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /t̪iɾ/, [t̪iːɾ]

Etymology 1

Inherited from Sanskrit तीर (tīra, “bank”), through Old Marathi 𑘝𑘲𑘨 (tīra, “bank”).

Noun

तीर • (tīr) m

  1. bank (of a river)
    Synonyms: काठ (kāṭh), किनारा (kinārā)
Declension
Declension of तीर (masc cons-stem)
direct
singular 		तीर
tīr
direct
plural 		तीर
tīr
singular
एकवचन 		plural
अनेकवचन
nominative
प्रथमा 		तीर
tīr 		तीर
tīr
oblique
सामान्यरूप 		तीरा
tīrā 		तीरां-
tīrān-
acc. / dative
द्वितीया / चतुर्थी 		तीराला
tīrālā 		तीरांना
tīrānnā
ergative तीराने, तीरानं
tīrāne, tīrāna 		तीरांनी
tīrānnī
instrumental तीराशी
tīrāśī 		तीरांशी
tīrānśī
locative
सप्तमी 		तीरात
tīrāt 		तीरांत
tīrāt
vocative
संबोधन 		तीरा
tīrā 		तीरांनो
tīrānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions.
There is no space between the stem and the postposition.
Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.
Genitive declension of तीर (masc cons-stem)
masculine object
पुल्लिंगी कर्म 		feminine object
स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म 		neuter object
नपुसकलिंगी कर्म 		oblique
सामान्यरूप
singular
एकवचन 		plural
अनेकवचन 		singular
एकवचन 		plural
अनेकवचन 		singular*
एकवचन 		plural
अनेकवचन
singular subject
एकवचनी कर्ता 		तीराचा
tīrāċā 		तीराचे
tīrāċe 		तीराची
tīrācī 		तीराच्या
tīrācā 		तीराचे, तीराचं
tīrāċe, tīrāċa 		तीराची
tīrācī 		तीराच्या
tīrācā
plural subject
अनेकवचनी कर्ता 		तीरांचा
tīrānċā 		तीरांचे
tīrānċe 		तीरांची
tīrāñcī 		तीरांच्या
tīrāncā 		तीरांचे, तीरांचं
tīrānċe, tīrānċa 		तीरांची
tīrāñcī 		तीरांच्या
tīrāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a).
Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian تیر (tīr).

Noun

तीर • (tīr) m

  1. arrow
    Synonyms: ( most common) बाण (bāṇ), शर (śar)
Declension
Declension of तीर (masc cons-stem)
direct
singular 		तीर
tīr
direct
plural 		तीर
tīr
singular
एकवचन 		plural
अनेकवचन
nominative
प्रथमा 		तीर
tīr 		तीर
tīr
oblique
सामान्यरूप 		तीरा
tīrā 		तीरां-
tīrān-
acc. / dative
द्वितीया / चतुर्थी 		तीराला
tīrālā 		तीरांना
tīrānnā
ergative तीराने, तीरानं
tīrāne, tīrāna 		तीरांनी
tīrānnī
instrumental तीराशी
tīrāśī 		तीरांशी
tīrānśī
locative
सप्तमी 		तीरात
tīrāt 		तीरांत
tīrāt
vocative
संबोधन 		तीरा
tīrā 		तीरांनो
tīrānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions.
There is no space between the stem and the postposition.
Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.
Genitive declension of तीर (masc cons-stem)
masculine object
पुल्लिंगी कर्म 		feminine object
स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म 		neuter object
नपुसकलिंगी कर्म 		oblique
सामान्यरूप
singular
एकवचन 		plural
अनेकवचन 		singular
एकवचन 		plural
अनेकवचन 		singular*
एकवचन 		plural
अनेकवचन
singular subject
एकवचनी कर्ता 		तीराचा
tīrāċā 		तीराचे
tīrāċe 		तीराची
tīrācī 		तीराच्या
tīrācā 		तीराचे, तीराचं
tīrāċe, tīrāċa 		तीराची
tīrācī 		तीराच्या
tīrācā
plural subject
अनेकवचनी कर्ता 		तीरांचा
tīrānċā 		तीरांचे
tīrānċe 		तीरांची
tīrāñcī 		तीरांच्या
tīrāncā 		तीरांचे, तीरांचं
tīrānċe, tīrānċa 		तीरांची
tīrāñcī 		तीरांच्या
tīrāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a).
Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

See also

References

  • Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “तीर”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
  • Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “तीर”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
  • Shankar Gopal Tulpule, Anne Feldhaus (1999) “तीर”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan

Marwari

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit तीर (tīra).

Noun

तीर (tīr) ?

  1. shore
  2. bank

Etymology 2

From Classical Persian تیر (tīr).

Noun

तीर (tīr) ?

  1. arrow

References

  • Bhanwar, Lal Suthar, Gahlot, Sukhveer Singh (1998) राजस्थानी-हिन्दी-अंग्रेजी कोश [rājasthānī-hindī-aṅgrejī koś, Rajasthani-Hindi-English Dictionary] (in Hindi), Jodhpur: Bharat Printers (Press), page 155

Nepali

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [t̪iɾʌ]
  • Phonetic Devanagari: तिर्

Etymology 1

Inherited from Sanskrit तीर (tīra).[1]

Noun

तीर • (tīra)

  1. bank; edge of a river
    Synonym: किनार (kinār)
  2. shore, beach
    Synonym: तट (taṭ)
Declension
Declension of तीर
Singular Plural
nominative तीर [t̪ir] तीरहरू [t̪irɦʌɾu]
accusative तीरलाई [t̪irläi] तीरहरूलाई [t̪irɦʌɾuläi]
instrumental/ergative तीरले [t̪irle] तीरहरूले [t̪irɦʌɾule]
dative तीरलाई [t̪irläi] तीरहरूलाई [t̪irɦʌɾuläi]
ablative तीरबाट [t̪irbäʈʌ] तीरहरूबाट [t̪irɦʌɾubäʈʌ]
genitive तीरको [t̪irko] तीरहरूको [t̪irɦʌɾuko]
locative तीरमा [t̪irmä] तीरहरूमा [t̪irɦʌɾumä]
Notes:
  • -को (-ko) becomes:
    • -का (-kā) when followed by a plural noun.
    • -की (-kī) when followed by a feminine noun.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Hindi तीर (tīr),[2] from Classical Persian تِیر (tīr).[3]

Noun

तीर • (tīra)

  1. arrow
    Synonyms: बाण (bāṇ), काँड (kā̃ḍ)
Declension
Declension of तीर
Singular Plural
nominative तीर [t̪ir] तीरहरू [t̪irɦʌɾu]
accusative तीरलाई [t̪irläi] तीरहरूलाई [t̪irɦʌɾuläi]
instrumental/ergative तीरले [t̪irle] तीरहरूले [t̪irɦʌɾule]
dative तीरलाई [t̪irläi] तीरहरूलाई [t̪irɦʌɾuläi]
ablative तीरबाट [t̪irbäʈʌ] तीरहरूबाट [t̪irɦʌɾubäʈʌ]
genitive तीरको [t̪irko] तीरहरूको [t̪irɦʌɾuko]
locative तीरमा [t̪irmä] तीरहरूमा [t̪irɦʌɾumä]
Notes:
  • -को (-ko) becomes:
    • -का (-kā) when followed by a plural noun.
    • -की (-kī) when followed by a feminine noun.

References

  1. ^ “तीर”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary]‎[1], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
  2. ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1931) “तिर्”, in A comparative and etymological dictionary of the Nepali language, London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner, page 284
  3. ^ “तीर”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary]‎[2], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts
  • tīra (Latin script)
  • 𑀢𑀻𑀭 (Brahmi script)
  • তীর (Bengali script)
  • තීර (Sinhalese script)
  • တီရ or တဳရ (Burmese script)
  • ตีร or ตีระ (Thai script)
  • ᨲᩦᩁ (Tai Tham script)
  • ຕີຣ or ຕີຣະ (Lao script)
  • តីរ (Khmer script)
  • 𑄖𑄩𑄢 (Chakma script)

Noun

तीर n

  1. Devanagari script form of tīra (“shore”)

Declension

Declension table of "तीर" (neuter)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)तीरं (tīraṃ)तीरानि (tīrāni)
Accusative (second)तीरं (tīraṃ)तीरानि (tīrāni)
Instrumental (third)तीरेन (tīrena)तीरेहि (tīrehi) or तीरेभि (tīrebhi)
Dative (fourth)तीरस्स (tīrassa) or तीराय (tīrāya) or तीरत्थं (tīratthaṃ)तीरानं (tīrānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)तीरस्मा (tīrasmā) or तीरम्हा (tīramhā) or तीरा (tīrā)तीरेहि (tīrehi) or तीरेभि (tīrebhi)
Genitive (sixth)तीरस्स (tīrassa)तीरानं (tīrānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)तीरस्मिं (tīrasmiṃ) or तीरम्हि (tīramhi) or तीरे (tīre)तीरेसु (tīresu)
Vocative (calling)तीर (tīra)तीरानि (tīrāni)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts
  • তীৰ (Assamese script)
  • ᬢᬷᬭ (Balinese script)
  • তীর (Bengali script)
  • 𑰝𑰱𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀢𑀻𑀭 (Brahmi script)
  • တီရ (Burmese script)
  • તીર (Gujarati script)
  • ਤੀਰ (Gurmukhi script)
  • 𑌤𑍀𑌰 (Grantha script)
  • ꦠꦷꦫ (Javanese script)
  • 𑂞𑂲𑂩 (Kaithi script)
  • ತೀರ (Kannada script)
  • តីរ (Khmer script)
  • ຕີຣ (Lao script)
  • തീര (Malayalam script)
  • ᢠᡳᡳᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
  • 𑘝𑘲𑘨 (Modi script)
  • ᢐᠢᠢᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
  • 𑦽𑧓𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐟𑐷𑐬 (Newa script)
  • ତୀର (Odia script)
  • ꢡꢷꢬ (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆠𑆵𑆫 (Sharada script)
  • 𑖝𑖱𑖨 (Siddham script)
  • තීර (Sinhalese script)
  • 𑩫𑩑𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
  • 𑚙𑚯𑚤 (Takri script)
  • தீர (Tamil script)
  • తీర (Telugu script)
  • ตีร (Thai script)
  • ཏཱི་ར (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒞𑒲𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
  • 𑨙𑨁𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Mayrhofer takes the word as a lengthened grade derivative of the root तॄ (tṝ, “to pass”).[1]

An older theory by Ferdinand Kittel considers the word as "purely Dravidian"; compare Malayalam തീരം (tīraṁ).[2] Kittel was not a linguist, and the Malayalam word has the shape of a Sanskritic borrowing, which, when coupled with Mayrhofer's Indo-European derivation, makes the theory unconvincing.

Noun

तीर • (tīra) stem, n

  1. beach, shore
  2. bank of a water body
  3. the brim of a vessel
Declension
Neuter a-stem declension of तीर
singular dual plural
nominative तीरम् (tīram) तीरे (tīre) तीराणि (tīrāṇi)
तीरा¹ (tīrā¹)
accusative तीरम् (tīram) तीरे (tīre) तीराणि (tīrāṇi)
तीरा¹ (tīrā¹)
instrumental तीरेण (tīreṇa) तीराभ्याम् (tīrābhyām) तीरैः (tīraiḥ)
तीरेभिः¹ (tīrebhiḥ¹)
dative तीराय (tīrāya) तीराभ्याम् (tīrābhyām) तीरेभ्यः (tīrebhyaḥ)
ablative तीरात् (tīrāt) तीराभ्याम् (tīrābhyām) तीरेभ्यः (tīrebhyaḥ)
genitive तीरस्य (tīrasya) तीरयोः (tīrayoḥ) तीराणाम् (tīrāṇām)
locative तीरे (tīre) तीरयोः (tīrayoḥ) तीरेषु (tīreṣu)
vocative तीर (tīra) तीरे (tīre) तीराणि (tīrāṇi)
तीरा¹ (tīrā¹)
  • ¹Vedic
Descendants
  • Marwari: तीर (tīr)
  • Bengali: তীর (tir)
  • Telugu: తీరము (tīramu) / తీరం (tīraṁ)

Etymology 2

Probably a clipping of कस्तीर (kastīra, “tin”).[3]

Noun

तीर • (tīra) stem, m

  1. tin
Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of तीर
singular dual plural
nominative तीरः (tīraḥ) तीरौ (tīrau)
तीरा¹ (tīrā¹) 		तीराः (tīrāḥ)
तीरासः¹ (tīrāsaḥ¹)
accusative तीरम् (tīram) तीरौ (tīrau)
तीरा¹ (tīrā¹) 		तीरान् (tīrān)
instrumental तीरेण (tīreṇa) तीराभ्याम् (tīrābhyām) तीरैः (tīraiḥ)
तीरेभिः¹ (tīrebhiḥ¹)
dative तीराय (tīrāya) तीराभ्याम् (tīrābhyām) तीरेभ्यः (tīrebhyaḥ)
ablative तीरात् (tīrāt) तीराभ्याम् (tīrābhyām) तीरेभ्यः (tīrebhyaḥ)
genitive तीरस्य (tīrasya) तीरयोः (tīrayoḥ) तीराणाम् (tīrāṇām)
locative तीरे (tīre) तीरयोः (tīrayoḥ) तीरेषु (tīreṣu)
vocative तीर (tīra) तीरौ (tīrau)
तीरा¹ (tīrā¹) 		तीराः (tīrāḥ)
तीरासः¹ (tīrāsaḥ¹)
  • ¹Vedic

Noun

तीर • (tīra) stem, n

  1. a kind of arrow

References

  1. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “tī́ra-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[3] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 649-50
  2. ^ Kittel, F. (1894). A Kannada-English Dictionary. India: Basel mission book and tract depository, p. XXVII
  3. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “tīra-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[4] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 247

Further reading

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