त्रयोदश

Sanskrit

**Sanskrit numbers ^(edit)**
← 12	१३ 13	14 →
Cardinal: त्रयोदश (trayodaśa) Ordinal: त्रयोदश (trayodaśa) Multiplier: त्रयोदशधा (trayodaśadhā)

Alternative scripts

ত্ৰয়োদশ (Assamese script)
ᬢ᭄ᬭᬬᭀᬤᬰ (Balinese script)
ত্রয়োদশ (Bengali script)
𑰝𑰿𑰨𑰧𑰺𑰟𑰫 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀢𑁆𑀭𑀬𑁄𑀤𑀰 (Brahmi script)
တြယောဒၐ (Burmese script)
ત્રયોદશ (Gujarati script)
ਤ੍ਰਯੋਦਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌤𑍍𑌰𑌯𑍋𑌦𑌶 (Grantha script)
ꦠꦿꦪꦺꦴꦢꦯ (Javanese script)
𑂞𑂹𑂩𑂨𑂷𑂠𑂬 (Kaithi script)
ತ್ರಯೋದಶ (Kannada script)
ត្រយោទឝ (Khmer script)
ຕ຺ຣໂຍທຨ (Lao script)
ത്രയോദശ (Malayalam script)
ᢠᡵᠠᠶᠣᡩᠠᡧᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘝𑘿𑘨𑘧𑘻𑘟𑘫 (Modi script)
ᢐᠷᠠᠶ᠋ᠣᠸᠠᢑᠠᠱᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦽𑧠𑧈𑧇𑧜𑦿𑧋 (Nandinagari script)
𑐟𑑂𑐬𑐫𑑀𑐡𑐱 (Newa script)
ତ୍ରଯୋଦଶ (Odia script)
ꢡ꣄ꢬꢫꣂꢣꢯ (Saurashtra script)
𑆠𑇀𑆫𑆪𑆾𑆢𑆯 (Sharada script)
𑖝𑖿𑖨𑖧𑖺𑖟𑖫 (Siddham script)
ත්‍රයොදශ (Sinhalese script)
𑩫 𑪙𑩼𑩻𑩕𑩭𑩿 (Soyombo script)
𑚙𑚶𑚤𑚣𑚴𑚛𑚧 (Takri script)
த்ரயோத³ஶ (Tamil script)
త్రయోదశ (Telugu script)
ตฺรโยทศ (Thai script)
ཏྲ་ཡོ་ད་ཤ (Tibetan script)
𑒞𑓂𑒩𑒨𑒼𑒠𑒬 (Tirhuta script)
𑨙𑩇𑨫𑨪𑨆𑨛𑨮 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *tráyazdaśa (“thirteen”), from *tráyas (“three”) + *dáśa (“ten”). See त्रयः (tráyaḥ) and दश (dáśa).

Alternative forms

त्रयोदशन् (tráyodaśan)

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /tɾɐ́.jɐw.dɐ.ɕɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /t̪ɾɐ.joː.d̪ɐ.ɕɐ/

Numeral

त्रयोदश • (tráyodaśa)

thirteen

Declension

Irregular declension of त्रयोदश (tráyodaśa)

	Plural
Nominative	त्रयोदश (tráyodaśa)
Vocative	त्रयोदश (tráyodaśa)
Accusative	त्रयोदश (tráyodaśa)
Instrumental	त्रयोदशभिः (trayodaśábhiḥ)
Dative	त्रयोदशभ्यः (trayodaśábhyaḥ)
Ablative	त्रयोदशभ्यः (trayodaśábhyaḥ)
Genitive	त्रयोदशानाम् (trayodaśānā́m)
Locative	त्रयोदशसु (trayodaśásu)

Descendants

Many descendants appear to continue *trai- ~ *trayē-, rather than trayō-.

Dardic:
- Dameli: [script needed] (troš)
- Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (lowā̃š)
- Grangali: [script needed] (ṣlewas)
- Kashmiri: ترُواہ (truwāh)
- Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (lūi)
- Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (trui)
- Phalura: [script needed] (treš)
- Savi: [script needed] (trewĩš)
- Shina: [script needed] (c̣õi)
- Shumashti: [script needed] (lāuas)
- Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (lūi)
- Southwest Pashayi: [script needed] (tri)
- Tirahi: [script needed] (tro)
- Torwali: [script needed] (c̣eš)
- Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (teherȭ)
Pali: terasa
Prakrit: 𑀢𑁂𑀭𑀲 (terasa) (see there for further descendants)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “tráyodaśa”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 457, column 2.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “tráyōdaśa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 342

Etymology 2

From 'Etymology 1', with change of accent.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /tɾɐ.jɐw.dɐ.ɕɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /t̪ɾɐ.joː.d̪ɐ.ɕɐ/

Adjective

त्रयोदश • (trayodaśá) stem

thirteenth

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of त्रयोदश
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	त्रयोदशः (trayodaśáḥ)	त्रयोदशौ (trayodaśaú) त्रयोदशा¹ (trayodaśā́¹)	त्रयोदशाः (trayodaśā́ḥ) त्रयोदशासः¹ (trayodaśā́saḥ¹)
accusative	त्रयोदशम् (trayodaśám)	त्रयोदशौ (trayodaśaú) त्रयोदशा¹ (trayodaśā́¹)	त्रयोदशान् (trayodaśā́n)
instrumental	त्रयोदशेन (trayodaśéna)	त्रयोदशाभ्याम् (trayodaśā́bhyām)	त्रयोदशैः (trayodaśaíḥ) त्रयोदशेभिः¹ (trayodaśébhiḥ¹)
dative	त्रयोदशाय (trayodaśā́ya)	त्रयोदशाभ्याम् (trayodaśā́bhyām)	त्रयोदशेभ्यः (trayodaśébhyaḥ)
ablative	त्रयोदशात् (trayodaśā́t)	त्रयोदशाभ्याम् (trayodaśā́bhyām)	त्रयोदशेभ्यः (trayodaśébhyaḥ)
genitive	त्रयोदशस्य (trayodaśásya)	त्रयोदशयोः (trayodaśáyoḥ)	त्रयोदशानाम् (trayodaśā́nām)
locative	त्रयोदशे (trayodaśé)	त्रयोदशयोः (trayodaśáyoḥ)	त्रयोदशेषु (trayodaśéṣu)
vocative	त्रयोदश (tráyodaśa)	त्रयोदशौ (tráyodaśau) त्रयोदशा¹ (tráyodaśā¹)	त्रयोदशाः (tráyodaśāḥ) त्रयोदशासः¹ (tráyodaśāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Feminine ī-stem declension of त्रयोदशी
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	त्रयोदशी (trayodaśī́)	त्रयोदश्यौ (trayodaśyaù) त्रयोदशी¹ (trayodaśī́¹)	त्रयोदश्यः (trayodaśyàḥ) त्रयोदशीः¹ (trayodaśī́ḥ¹)
accusative	त्रयोदशीम् (trayodaśī́m)	त्रयोदश्यौ (trayodaśyaù) त्रयोदशी¹ (trayodaśī́¹)	त्रयोदशीः (trayodaśī́ḥ)
instrumental	त्रयोदश्या (trayodaśyā́)	त्रयोदशीभ्याम् (trayodaśī́bhyām)	त्रयोदशीभिः (trayodaśī́bhiḥ)
dative	त्रयोदश्यै (trayodaśyaí)	त्रयोदशीभ्याम् (trayodaśī́bhyām)	त्रयोदशीभ्यः (trayodaśī́bhyaḥ)
ablative	त्रयोदश्याः (trayodaśyā́ḥ) त्रयोदश्यै² (trayodaśyaí²)	त्रयोदशीभ्याम् (trayodaśī́bhyām)	त्रयोदशीभ्यः (trayodaśī́bhyaḥ)
genitive	त्रयोदश्याः (trayodaśyā́ḥ) त्रयोदश्यै² (trayodaśyaí²)	त्रयोदश्योः (trayodaśyóḥ)	त्रयोदशीनाम् (trayodaśī́nām)
locative	त्रयोदश्याम् (trayodaśyā́m)	त्रयोदश्योः (trayodaśyóḥ)	त्रयोदशीषु (trayodaśī́ṣu)
vocative	त्रयोदशि (tráyodaśi)	त्रयोदश्यौ (tráyodaśyau) त्रयोदशी¹ (tráyodaśī¹)	त्रयोदश्यः (tráyodaśyaḥ) त्रयोदशीः¹ (tráyodaśīḥ¹)

¹Vedic
²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of त्रयोदश
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	त्रयोदशम् (trayodaśám)	त्रयोदशे (trayodaśé)	त्रयोदशानि (trayodaśā́ni) त्रयोदशा¹ (trayodaśā́¹)
accusative	त्रयोदशम् (trayodaśám)	त्रयोदशे (trayodaśé)	त्रयोदशानि (trayodaśā́ni) त्रयोदशा¹ (trayodaśā́¹)
instrumental	त्रयोदशेन (trayodaśéna)	त्रयोदशाभ्याम् (trayodaśā́bhyām)	त्रयोदशैः (trayodaśaíḥ) त्रयोदशेभिः¹ (trayodaśébhiḥ¹)
dative	त्रयोदशाय (trayodaśā́ya)	त्रयोदशाभ्याम् (trayodaśā́bhyām)	त्रयोदशेभ्यः (trayodaśébhyaḥ)
ablative	त्रयोदशात् (trayodaśā́t)	त्रयोदशाभ्याम् (trayodaśā́bhyām)	त्रयोदशेभ्यः (trayodaśébhyaḥ)
genitive	त्रयोदशस्य (trayodaśásya)	त्रयोदशयोः (trayodaśáyoḥ)	त्रयोदशानाम् (trayodaśā́nām)
locative	त्रयोदशे (trayodaśé)	त्रयोदशयोः (trayodaśáyoḥ)	त्रयोदशेषु (trayodaśéṣu)
vocative	त्रयोदश (tráyodaśa)	त्रयोदशे (tráyodaśe)	त्रयोदशानि (tráyodaśāni) त्रयोदशा¹ (tráyodaśā¹)

¹Vedic

References

Monier Williams (1899) “trayodaśá”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 457, column 2.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “trayōdaśá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 342