निद्रा
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit निद्रा (nidrā). Doublet of नींद (nīnd).
Noun
निद्रा • (nidrā) f
- sleep, drowsiness
- Synonym: नींद (nīnd)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | निद्रा nidrā |
निद्राएँ nidrāẽ |
| oblique | निद्रा nidrā |
निद्राओं nidrāõ |
| vocative | निद्रा nidrā |
निद्राओ nidrāo |
Marathi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit निद्रा (nidrā). Doublet of नीद (nīd). Cognate with Hindi निद्रा (nidrā).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /nid̪.ɾa/
Noun
निद्रा • (nidrā) f
- (formal) sleep, drowsiness
Declension
| Declension of निद्रा (fem ā-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
निद्रा nidrā | ||
| direct plural |
निद्रा nidrā | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
निद्रा nidrā |
निद्रा nidrā | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
निद्रे nidre |
निद्रां- nidrān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
निद्रेला nidrelā |
निद्रांना nidrānnā | |
| ergative | निद्रेने, निद्रेनं nidrene, nidrena |
निद्रांनी nidrānnī | |
| instrumental | निद्रेशी nidreśī |
निद्रांशी nidrānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
निद्रेत nidret |
निद्रांत nidrāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
निद्रे nidre |
निद्रांनो nidrānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of निद्रा (fem ā-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
निद्रेचा nidreċā |
निद्रेचे nidreċe |
निद्रेची nidrecī |
निद्रेच्या nidrecā |
निद्रेचे, निद्रेचं nidreċe, nidreċa |
निद्रेची nidrecī |
निद्रेच्या nidrecā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
निद्रांचा nidrānċā |
निद्रांचे nidrānċe |
निद्रांची nidrāñcī |
निद्रांच्या nidrāncā |
निद्रांचे, निद्रांचं nidrānċe, nidrānċa |
निद्रांची nidrāñcī |
निद्रांच्या nidrāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
Derived terms
- निद्रानाश (nidrānāś, “insomnia”)
References
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “निद्रा”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
- Shankar Gopal Tulpule, Anne Feldhaus (1999) “निद्रा”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “nidrāˊ”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Nepali
Alternative forms
- निन्द्रा (nindrā)
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit निद्रा (nidrā). Doublet of नीद (nīd).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [nid̪rä]
- Phonetic Devanagari: निद्रा
Noun
निद्रा • (nidrā) f
References
- “निद्रा”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary][1], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
- Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993) “निद्रा”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- নিদ্ৰা (Assamese script)
- ᬦᬶᬤ᭄ᬭᬵ (Balinese script)
- নিদ্রা (Bengali script)
- 𑰡𑰰𑰟𑰿𑰨𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀦𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀭𑀸 (Brahmi script)
- နိဒြာ (Burmese script)
- નિદ્રા (Gujarati script)
- ਨਿਦ੍ਰਾ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌨𑌿𑌦𑍍𑌰𑌾 (Grantha script)
- ꦤꦶꦢꦿꦴ (Javanese script)
- 𑂢𑂱𑂠𑂹𑂩𑂰 (Kaithi script)
- ನಿದ್ರಾ (Kannada script)
- និទ្រា (Khmer script)
- ນິທ຺ຣາ (Lao script)
- നിദ്രാ (Malayalam script)
- ᠨᡳᡩᡵᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
- 𑘡𑘱𑘟𑘿𑘨𑘰 (Modi script)
- ᠨᠢᢑᠷᠠ᠋ᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧁𑧒𑦿𑧠𑧈𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐣𑐶𑐡𑑂𑐬𑐵 (Newa script)
- ନିଦ୍ରା (Odia script)
- ꢥꢶꢣ꣄ꢬꢵ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆤𑆴𑆢𑇀𑆫𑆳 (Sharada script)
- 𑖡𑖰𑖟𑖿𑖨𑖯 (Siddham script)
- නිද්රා (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩯𑩑𑩭 𑪙𑩼𑩛 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚝𑚮𑚛𑚶𑚤𑚭 (Takri script)
- நித்³ரா (Tamil script)
- నిద్రా (Telugu script)
- นิทฺรา (Thai script)
- ནི་དྲཱ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒢𑒱𑒠𑓂𑒩𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨝𑨁𑨛𑩇𑨫𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *nidráH (“sleep”), from Proto-Indo-European *ni-dréh₂, from *ní (“down”) + *dreh₂- (“to sleep”), a variant of *drem-. Compare Old Armenian նիրհ (nirh) (a borrowing from Iranian), Ancient Greek δαρθάνω (darthánō), Latin dormiō. See also नि (ní) and द्रायति (drā́yati).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /nid.ɾɑ́ː/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /n̪id̪.ɾɑː/
Noun
निद्रा • (nidrā́) stem, f
- sleep, slumber
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.48.14:
- त्राता॑रो देवा॒ अधि॑ वोचता नो॒ मा नो॑ नि॒द्रा ई॑शत॒ मोत जल्पिः॑।
व॒यं सोम॑स्य वि॒श्वह॑ प्रि॒यासः॑ सु॒वीरा॑सो वि॒दथ॒मा व॑देम॥- trā́tāro devā ádhi vocatā no mā́ no nidrā́ īśata mótá jálpiḥ.
vayáṃ sómasya viśváha priyā́saḥ suvī́rāso vidáthamā́ vadema. - Give us your blessing, O ye Gods’ preservers. Never may sleep or idle talk control us.
But evermore may we, as friends of Soma, speak to the synod with brave sons around us.
- trā́tāro devā ádhi vocatā no mā́ no nidrā́ īśata mótá jálpiḥ.
- त्राता॑रो देवा॒ अधि॑ वोचता नो॒ मा नो॑ नि॒द्रा ई॑शत॒ मोत जल्पिः॑।
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | निद्रा (nidrā́) | निद्रे (nidré) | निद्राः (nidrā́ḥ) |
| accusative | निद्राम् (nidrā́m) | निद्रे (nidré) | निद्राः (nidrā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | निद्रया (nidráyā) निद्रा¹ (nidrā́¹) |
निद्राभ्याम् (nidrā́bhyām) | निद्राभिः (nidrā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | निद्रायै (nidrā́yai) | निद्राभ्याम् (nidrā́bhyām) | निद्राभ्यः (nidrā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | निद्रायाः (nidrā́yāḥ) निद्रायै² (nidrā́yai²) |
निद्राभ्याम् (nidrā́bhyām) | निद्राभ्यः (nidrā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | निद्रायाः (nidrā́yāḥ) निद्रायै² (nidrā́yai²) |
निद्रयोः (nidráyoḥ) | निद्राणाम् (nidrā́ṇām) |
| locative | निद्रायाम् (nidrā́yām) | निद्रयोः (nidráyoḥ) | निद्रासु (nidrā́su) |
| vocative | निद्रे (nídre) | निद्रे (nídre) | निद्राः (nídrāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
Descendants
- Dardic:
- Torwali: نین (nīn)
- Pali: niddā
- Prakrit: 𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸 (ṇiddā) (see there for further descendants)
- → Kannada: ನಿದ್ರೆ (nidre)
- → Marathi: निद्रा (nidrā)
- → Tamil: நித்திரை (nittirai)
- → Thai: นิทรา (nít-traa)
Root
निद्रा • (nidrā)
- to sleep
Derived terms
Category Sanskrit terms belonging to the root निद्रा not found
Terms derived from the Sanskrit root निद्रा (4 c, 0 e)
- Primary Verbal Forms
- निद्राति (nidrāti) (Present)
- निद्रायति (nidrāyati) (Present)
- Non-Finite Forms
- निद्रातुम् (nidrātum) (Infinitive)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “निद्रा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 548, column 2.
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “nidrā”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “nidrā́”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 411