पद्
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- পদ্ (Assamese script)
- ᬧᬤ᭄ (Balinese script)
- পদ্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰢𑰟𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀧𑀤𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- ပဒ် (Burmese script)
- પદ્ (Gujarati script)
- ਪਦ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌪𑌦𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦥꦢ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂣𑂠𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ಪದ್ (Kannada script)
- បទ៑ (Khmer script)
- ປທ຺ (Lao script)
- പദ് (Malayalam script)
- ᢒᠠᡩ (Manchu script)
- 𑘢𑘟𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᢒᠠᢑ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧂𑦿𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐥𑐡𑑂 (Newa script)
- ପଦ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢦꢣ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆥𑆢𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖢𑖟𑖿 (Siddham script)
- පද් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩰𑩭 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚞𑚛𑚶 (Takri script)
- பத்³ (Tamil script)
- పద్ (Telugu script)
- ปทฺ (Thai script)
- པ་ད྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒣𑒠𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨞𑨛𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /pɐ́d/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /pɐd̪/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *pā́ts (“foot”), from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds (“foot”).[1] Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬛 (pad), Hittite 𒉺𒋫 (pa-ta), Ancient Greek πούς (poús), Latin pēs, Persian پا (pâ), Old Armenian ոտն (otn), German Fuß, Old English fōt (whence English foot).
Noun
पद् • (pád) stem, m
- a foot
- step
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.154.5:
- तद॑स्य प्रि॒यम॒भि पाथो॑ अश्यां॒ नरो॒ यत्र॑ देव॒यवो॒ मद॑न्ति ।
उ॒रु॒क्र॒मस्य॒ स हि बन्धु॑रि॒त्था विष्णोः॑ प॒दे प॑र॒मे मध्व॒ उत्सः॑ ॥- tádasya priyámabhí pā́tho aśyāṃ náro yátra devayávo mádanti.
urukramásya sá hí bándhuritthā́ víṣṇoḥ padé paramé mádhva útsaḥ. - Might I reach that dear cattle-pen of his, where men seeking the gods find elation, for exactly that is the bond to the wide-striding one: the wellspring of mead in the highest step of Viṣṇu.
- tádasya priyámabhí pā́tho aśyāṃ náro yátra devayávo mádanti.
- तद॑स्य प्रि॒यम॒भि पाथो॑ अश्यां॒ नरो॒ यत्र॑ देव॒यवो॒ मद॑न्ति ।
- fourth part, quarter
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | पात् (pā́t) | पादौ (pā́dau) पादा¹ (pā́dā¹) |
पादः (pā́daḥ) |
| accusative | पादम् (pā́dam) | पादौ (pā́dau) पादा¹ (pā́dā¹) |
पदः (padáḥ) |
| instrumental | पदा (padā́) | पद्भ्याम् (padbhyā́m) पड्भ्याम् (paḍbhyā́m) |
पद्भिः (padbhíḥ) पड्भिः (paḍbhíḥ) |
| dative | पदे (padé) | पद्भ्याम् (padbhyā́m) पड्भ्याम् (paḍbhyā́m) |
पद्भ्यः (padbhyáḥ) पड्भ्यः (paḍbhyáḥ) |
| ablative | पदः (padáḥ) | पद्भ्याम् (padbhyā́m) पड्भ्याम् (paḍbhyā́m) |
पद्भ्यः (padbhyáḥ) पड्भ्यः (paḍbhyáḥ) |
| genitive | पदः (padáḥ) | पदोः (padóḥ) | पदाम् (padā́m) |
| locative | पदि (padí) | पदोः (padóḥ) | पत्सु (patsú) |
| vocative | पात् (pā́t) | पादौ (pā́dau) पादा¹ (pā́dā¹) |
पादः (pā́daḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Magadhi Prakrit:
- Dardic:
- Kashmiri: پۆد (pod, “foot, position”)
- Hindi: पांव (pāmv)
- Marathi: पाय (pāy)
- Pali: pada, pāda
- Urdu: پاؤں (pā̃v)
- → Tamil: பாதம் (pātam)
- → Telugu: పదము (padamu)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *pád-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pád (“to move, go”), from the same ultimate origin as Etymology 1,[2] perhaps with semantic influence from the root underlying पत् (pat, “to fall”).[3]
Root
पद् • (pad)
Derived terms
Sanskrit terms belonging to the root पद् (0 c, 7 e)
Terms derived from the Sanskrit root पद् (7 c, 0 e)
- Primary Verbal Forms
- Secondary Forms
- अपादि (ápādi) (Passive Aorist)
- पादयति (pādáyati) (Causative)
- अपीपदत् (ápīpadat) (Causative Aorist)
- पाद्यते (pādyate) (Passive of Causative)
- पित्सति (pitsati) (Desiderative)
- पिपादयिषति (pipādayiṣati) (Desiderative of Causative)
- पनीपद्यते (panīpadyate) (Intensive)
- पनीपदीति (panīpadīti) (Intensive)
- Non-Finite Forms
- पन्न (panná) (Past Participle)
- पत्तुम् (páttum) (Infinitive)
- पत्तवे (páttave) (Infinitive)
- पत्तोस् (páttos) (Infinitive)
- पदस् (pádas) (Infinitive)
- पद्य (pádya) (Gerund)
- पादम् (pā́dam) (Gerund)
- पत्तव्य (pattavya) (Gerundive)
- पाद्य (pādya) (Gerundive)
- पित्सु (pitsu) (Desiderative Participle)
- Derived Nominal Forms
- Prefixed Root Forms
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “पद्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 582/3, 583/1.
- William Dwight Whitney (1885) The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 94
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 77-8
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 76-7
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 287-8