यज्ञ

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit यज्ञ (yajñá). Doublet of जशन (jaśan).

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /jəɡ.jᵊ/, [jɐɡ.jᵊ]

Noun

यज्ञ • (yajña) m

(chiefly Hinduism) sacrifice, oblation

Declension

Declension of *यज्ञ* (masc cons-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	यज्ञ yajña	यज्ञ yajña
oblique	यज्ञ yajña	यज्ञों yajñõ
vocative	यज्ञ yajña	यज्ञो yajño

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

যজ্ঞ (Assamese script)
ᬬᬚ᭄ᬜ (Balinese script)
যজ্ঞ (Bengali script)
𑰧𑰕𑰿𑰗 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀬𑀚𑁆𑀜 (Brahmi script)
ယဇ္ဉ (Burmese script)
યજ્ઞ (Gujarati script)
ਯਜ੍ਞ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌯𑌜𑍍𑌞 (Grantha script)
ꦪꦘ (Javanese script)
𑂨𑂔𑂹𑂖 (Kaithi script)
ಯಜ್ಞ (Kannada script)
យជ្ញ (Khmer script)
ຍຊ຺ຎ (Lao script)
യജ്ഞ (Malayalam script)
ᠶᠠᡯᠨᡳᠶᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘧𑘕𑘿𑘗 (Modi script)
ᠶ᠋ᠠᠽᡛᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧇𑦵𑧠𑦷 (Nandinagari script)
𑐫𑐖𑑂𑐘 (Newa script)
ଯଜ୍ଞ (Odia script)
ꢫꢙ꣄ꢛ (Saurashtra script)
𑆪𑆘𑇀𑆚 (Sharada script)
𑖧𑖕𑖿𑖗 (Siddham script)
යඥ (Sinhalese script)
𑩻𑩣 𑪙𑩥 (Soyombo script)
𑚣𑚑𑚶𑚓 (Takri script)
யஜ்ஞ (Tamil script)
యజ్ఞ (Telugu script)
ยชฺญ (Thai script)
ཡ་ཛྙ (Tibetan script)
𑒨𑒖𑓂𑒘 (Tirhuta script)
𑨪𑨥𑩇𑨓 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁yaǵ-

Proto-Indo-European *-nós

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hyaȷ́nás

Sanskrit य॒ज्ञ (yajñá)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hyaȷ́nás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁yaǵ-nós, from the root *h₁yaǵ-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬯𐬥𐬀 (yasna, “act of worship”), Latin ieiunus (“fasting, abstinent”), Persian (jašn, “festival”). By surface analysis, from the root यज् (yaj) +‎ -न (-na).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /jɐd͡ʑ.ɲɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /jɐd͡ʑ.ɲɐ/

Noun

य॒ज्ञ • (yajñá) stem, m

worship, devotion, prayer, praise
act of worship or devotion, offering, oblation, sacrifice
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.1.1:
  अ॒ग्निमी॑ळे पु॒रोहि॑तं य॒ज्ञस्य॑ दे॒वमृ॒त्विज॑म् ।
  होता॑रं रत्न॒धात॑मम् ॥
  agnímīḷe puróhitaṃ yajñásya devámṛtvíjam.
  hótāraṃ ratnadhā́tamam.
  I glorify Agni, the high priest of the sacrifice, the divine, the ministrant, who presents the oblation to the gods, and is possessor of great wealth
a worshipper, sacrificer
fire
Sacrifice personified

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of यज्ञ
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	यज्ञः (yajñáḥ)	यज्ञौ (yajñaú) यज्ञा¹ (yajñā́¹)	यज्ञाः (yajñā́ḥ) यज्ञासः¹ (yajñā́saḥ¹)
accusative	यज्ञम् (yajñám)	यज्ञौ (yajñaú) यज्ञा¹ (yajñā́¹)	यज्ञान् (yajñā́n)
instrumental	यज्ञेन (yajñéna)	यज्ञाभ्याम् (yajñā́bhyām)	यज्ञैः (yajñaíḥ) यज्ञेभिः¹ (yajñébhiḥ¹)
dative	यज्ञाय (yajñā́ya)	यज्ञाभ्याम् (yajñā́bhyām)	यज्ञेभ्यः (yajñébhyaḥ)
ablative	यज्ञात् (yajñā́t)	यज्ञाभ्याम् (yajñā́bhyām)	यज्ञेभ्यः (yajñébhyaḥ)
genitive	यज्ञस्य (yajñásya)	यज्ञयोः (yajñáyoḥ)	यज्ञानाम् (yajñā́nām)
locative	यज्ञे (yajñé)	यज्ञयोः (yajñáyoḥ)	यज्ञेषु (yajñéṣu)
vocative	यज्ञ (yájña)	यज्ञौ (yájñau) यज्ञा¹ (yájñā¹)	यज्ञाः (yájñāḥ) यज्ञासः¹ (yájñāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Derived terms

यज्ञोपवीत (yajñopavīta, “sacred thread”)

Descendants

Pali: yañña
Prakrit: 𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡 (jaṇṇa) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms

→ Assamese: যগ্গু (zoggu) (semi-learned)
→ Balinese: yadnya
→ English: yajna
→ Gujarati: યાગ (yāg) (semi-learned)
→ Indonesian: yadnya
→ Javanese: yadnya
→ Punjabi: (yagga) (semi-learned)
Gurmukhi script: ਯੱਗ

Shahmukhi script: یگّ

References

Monier Williams (1899) “यज्ञ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 839/2.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 394