वाम
Old Gujarati
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit वाम (vāma).
Adjective
वाम • (vāma)
- left side
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ৱাম (Assamese script)
- ᬯᬵᬫ (Balinese script)
- বাম (Bengali script)
- 𑰪𑰯𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀯𑀸𑀫 (Brahmi script)
- ဝါမ (Burmese script)
- વામ (Gujarati script)
- ਵਾਮ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌵𑌾𑌮 (Grantha script)
- ꦮꦴꦩ (Javanese script)
- 𑂫𑂰𑂧 (Kaithi script)
- ವಾಮ (Kannada script)
- វាម (Khmer script)
- ວາມ (Lao script)
- വാമ (Malayalam script)
- ᠸᠠ᠊ᠠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘪𑘰𑘦 (Modi script)
- ᠸᠠᢗᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧊𑧑𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐰𑐵𑐩 (Newa script)
- ଵାମ (Odia script)
- ꢮꢵꢪ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆮𑆳𑆩 (Sharada script)
- 𑖪𑖯𑖦 (Siddham script)
- වාම (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩾𑩛𑩴 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚦𑚭𑚢 (Takri script)
- வாம (Tamil script)
- వామ (Telugu script)
- วาม (Thai script)
- ཝཱ་མ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒫𑒰𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨭𑨊𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁-mó (“to love, wish”); compare वनोति (vanoti).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ʋɑː.mɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ʋɑː.mɐ/
Adjective
वाम • (vāma) stem (root वन्)
- lovely, dear, pleasant, agreeable, fair, beautiful, splendid, noble
- (at the end of a compound) striving after, eager for, intent upon, fond of
- relating to a mare
- (at the end of a compound) striving after, eager for
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | वामः (vāmaḥ) | वामौ (vāmau) वामा¹ (vāmā¹) |
वामाः (vāmāḥ) वामासः¹ (vāmāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | वामम् (vāmam) | वामौ (vāmau) वामा¹ (vāmā¹) |
वामान् (vāmān) |
| instrumental | वामेन (vāmena) | वामाभ्याम् (vāmābhyām) | वामैः (vāmaiḥ) वामेभिः¹ (vāmebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | वामाय (vāmāya) | वामाभ्याम् (vāmābhyām) | वामेभ्यः (vāmebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | वामात् (vāmāt) | वामाभ्याम् (vāmābhyām) | वामेभ्यः (vāmebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | वामस्य (vāmasya) | वामयोः (vāmayoḥ) | वामानाम् (vāmānām) |
| locative | वामे (vāme) | वामयोः (vāmayoḥ) | वामेषु (vāmeṣu) |
| vocative | वाम (vāma) | वामौ (vāmau) वामा¹ (vāmā¹) |
वामाः (vāmāḥ) वामासः¹ (vāmāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | वामा (vāmā) | वामे (vāme) | वामाः (vāmāḥ) |
| accusative | वामाम् (vāmām) | वामे (vāme) | वामाः (vāmāḥ) |
| instrumental | वामया (vāmayā) वामा¹ (vāmā¹) |
वामाभ्याम् (vāmābhyām) | वामाभिः (vāmābhiḥ) |
| dative | वामायै (vāmāyai) | वामाभ्याम् (vāmābhyām) | वामाभ्यः (vāmābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | वामायाः (vāmāyāḥ) वामायै² (vāmāyai²) |
वामाभ्याम् (vāmābhyām) | वामाभ्यः (vāmābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | वामायाः (vāmāyāḥ) वामायै² (vāmāyai²) |
वामयोः (vāmayoḥ) | वामानाम् (vāmānām) |
| locative | वामायाम् (vāmāyām) | वामयोः (vāmayoḥ) | वामासु (vāmāsu) |
| vocative | वामे (vāme) | वामे (vāme) | वामाः (vāmāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | वामी (vāmī) | वाम्यौ (vāmyau) वामी¹ (vāmī¹) |
वाम्यः (vāmyaḥ) वामीः¹ (vāmīḥ¹) |
| accusative | वामीम् (vāmīm) | वाम्यौ (vāmyau) वामी¹ (vāmī¹) |
वामीः (vāmīḥ) |
| instrumental | वाम्या (vāmyā) | वामीभ्याम् (vāmībhyām) | वामीभिः (vāmībhiḥ) |
| dative | वाम्यै (vāmyai) | वामीभ्याम् (vāmībhyām) | वामीभ्यः (vāmībhyaḥ) |
| ablative | वाम्याः (vāmyāḥ) वाम्यै² (vāmyai²) |
वामीभ्याम् (vāmībhyām) | वामीभ्यः (vāmībhyaḥ) |
| genitive | वाम्याः (vāmyāḥ) वाम्यै² (vāmyai²) |
वाम्योः (vāmyoḥ) | वामीनाम् (vāmīnām) |
| locative | वाम्याम् (vāmyām) | वाम्योः (vāmyoḥ) | वामीषु (vāmīṣu) |
| vocative | वामि (vāmi) | वाम्यौ (vāmyau) वामी¹ (vāmī¹) |
वाम्यः (vāmyaḥ) वामीः¹ (vāmīḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | वामम् (vāmam) | वामे (vāme) | वामानि (vāmāni) वामा¹ (vāmā¹) |
| accusative | वामम् (vāmam) | वामे (vāme) | वामानि (vāmāni) वामा¹ (vāmā¹) |
| instrumental | वामेन (vāmena) | वामाभ्याम् (vāmābhyām) | वामैः (vāmaiḥ) वामेभिः¹ (vāmebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | वामाय (vāmāya) | वामाभ्याम् (vāmābhyām) | वामेभ्यः (vāmebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | वामात् (vāmāt) | वामाभ्याम् (vāmābhyām) | वामेभ्यः (vāmebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | वामस्य (vāmasya) | वामयोः (vāmayoḥ) | वामानाम् (vāmānām) |
| locative | वामे (vāme) | वामयोः (vāmayoḥ) | वामेषु (vāmeṣu) |
| vocative | वाम (vāma) | वामे (vāme) | वामानि (vāmāni) वामा¹ (vāmā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Noun
वाम • (vāma) stem, m
Noun
वाम • (vāma) stem, n
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | वामम् (vāmam) | वामे (vāme) | वामानि (vāmāni) वामा¹ (vāmā¹) |
| accusative | वामम् (vāmam) | वामे (vāme) | वामानि (vāmāni) वामा¹ (vāmā¹) |
| instrumental | वामेन (vāmena) | वामाभ्याम् (vāmābhyām) | वामैः (vāmaiḥ) वामेभिः¹ (vāmebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | वामाय (vāmāya) | वामाभ्याम् (vāmābhyām) | वामेभ्यः (vāmebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | वामात् (vāmāt) | वामाभ्याम् (vāmābhyām) | वामेभ्यः (vāmebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | वामस्य (vāmasya) | वामयोः (vāmayoḥ) | वामानाम् (vāmānām) |
| locative | वामे (vāme) | वामयोः (vāmayoḥ) | वामेषु (vāmeṣu) |
| vocative | वाम (vāma) | वामे (vāme) | वामानि (vāmāni) वामा¹ (vāmā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Etymology 2
Of uncertain origin.
Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₁weh₂-mós, from *h₁weh₂- (“to leave”); related to ऊन (ūna, “deficient, wanting”).
Alternatively, perhaps a semantic extension of Etymology 1, using the meaning of "lovely" to euphemistically refer to the "normally inauspicious left side", though the semantic shift is not very obvious.
See also वामन (vāmana).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ʋɑ́ː.mɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ʋɑː.mɐ/
Adjective
वाम • (vāma) stem
- left, not right, being or situated on the left side (the quivering of the left eye or arm is supposed to be a good omen in women and of the left arm a bad omen in men)
- reverse, adverse, contrary, opposite, unfavorable
- crooked, oblique (अम् ind. sideways)
- refractory, coy (in love)
- acting in the opposite way or differently
- hard, cruel
- vile, wicked, base, low, bad
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | वामः (vāmaḥ) | वामौ (vāmau) वामा¹ (vāmā¹) |
वामाः (vāmāḥ) वामासः¹ (vāmāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | वामम् (vāmam) | वामौ (vāmau) वामा¹ (vāmā¹) |
वामान् (vāmān) |
| instrumental | वामेन (vāmena) | वामाभ्याम् (vāmābhyām) | वामैः (vāmaiḥ) वामेभिः¹ (vāmebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | वामाय (vāmāya) | वामाभ्याम् (vāmābhyām) | वामेभ्यः (vāmebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | वामात् (vāmāt) | वामाभ्याम् (vāmābhyām) | वामेभ्यः (vāmebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | वामस्य (vāmasya) | वामयोः (vāmayoḥ) | वामानाम् (vāmānām) |
| locative | वामे (vāme) | वामयोः (vāmayoḥ) | वामेषु (vāmeṣu) |
| vocative | वाम (vāma) | वामौ (vāmau) वामा¹ (vāmā¹) |
वामाः (vāmāḥ) वामासः¹ (vāmāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | वामा (vāmā) | वामे (vāme) | वामाः (vāmāḥ) |
| accusative | वामाम् (vāmām) | वामे (vāme) | वामाः (vāmāḥ) |
| instrumental | वामया (vāmayā) वामा¹ (vāmā¹) |
वामाभ्याम् (vāmābhyām) | वामाभिः (vāmābhiḥ) |
| dative | वामायै (vāmāyai) | वामाभ्याम् (vāmābhyām) | वामाभ्यः (vāmābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | वामायाः (vāmāyāḥ) वामायै² (vāmāyai²) |
वामाभ्याम् (vāmābhyām) | वामाभ्यः (vāmābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | वामायाः (vāmāyāḥ) वामायै² (vāmāyai²) |
वामयोः (vāmayoḥ) | वामानाम् (vāmānām) |
| locative | वामायाम् (vāmāyām) | वामयोः (vāmayoḥ) | वामासु (vāmāsu) |
| vocative | वामे (vāme) | वामे (vāme) | वामाः (vāmāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | वामम् (vāmam) | वामे (vāme) | वामानि (vāmāni) वामा¹ (vāmā¹) |
| accusative | वामम् (vāmam) | वामे (vāme) | वामानि (vāmāni) वामा¹ (vāmā¹) |
| instrumental | वामेन (vāmena) | वामाभ्याम् (vāmābhyām) | वामैः (vāmaiḥ) वामेभिः¹ (vāmebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | वामाय (vāmāya) | वामाभ्याम् (vāmābhyām) | वामेभ्यः (vāmebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | वामात् (vāmāt) | वामाभ्याम् (vāmābhyām) | वामेभ्यः (vāmebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | वामस्य (vāmasya) | वामयोः (vāmayoḥ) | वामानाम् (vāmānām) |
| locative | वामे (vāme) | वामयोः (vāmayoḥ) | वामेषु (vāmeṣu) |
| vocative | वाम (vāma) | वामे (vāme) | वामानि (vāmāni) वामा¹ (vāmā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Noun
वाम • (vāma) stem, m
- the left side
- वामाद् दक्षिणम्
- vāmād dakṣiṇam
- from left to right
- वामेन
- vāmena
- on the left
- the left hand
- a snake
- an animal, sentient being
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | वामः (vāmaḥ) | वामौ (vāmau) वामा¹ (vāmā¹) |
वामाः (vāmāḥ) वामासः¹ (vāmāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | वामम् (vāmam) | वामौ (vāmau) वामा¹ (vāmā¹) |
वामान् (vāmān) |
| instrumental | वामेन (vāmena) | वामाभ्याम् (vāmābhyām) | वामैः (vāmaiḥ) वामेभिः¹ (vāmebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | वामाय (vāmāya) | वामाभ्याम् (vāmābhyām) | वामेभ्यः (vāmebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | वामात् (vāmāt) | वामाभ्याम् (vāmābhyām) | वामेभ्यः (vāmebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | वामस्य (vāmasya) | वामयोः (vāmayoḥ) | वामानाम् (vāmānām) |
| locative | वामे (vāme) | वामयोः (vāmayoḥ) | वामेषु (vāmeṣu) |
| vocative | वाम (vāma) | वामौ (vāmau) वामा¹ (vāmā¹) |
वामाः (vāmāḥ) वामासः¹ (vāmāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Noun
वाम • (vāma) stem, n
- the left side
- adversity, misfortune
- the left-hand practices of the followers of the Tantras
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | वामम् (vāmam) | वामे (vāme) | वामानि (vāmāni) वामा¹ (vāmā¹) |
| accusative | वामम् (vāmam) | वामे (vāme) | वामानि (vāmāni) वामा¹ (vāmā¹) |
| instrumental | वामेन (vāmena) | वामाभ्याम् (vāmābhyām) | वामैः (vāmaiḥ) वामेभिः¹ (vāmebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | वामाय (vāmāya) | वामाभ्याम् (vāmābhyām) | वामेभ्यः (vāmebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | वामात् (vāmāt) | वामाभ्याम् (vāmābhyām) | वामेभ्यः (vāmebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | वामस्य (vāmasya) | वामयोः (vāmayoḥ) | वामानाम् (vāmānām) |
| locative | वामे (vāme) | वामयोः (vāmayoḥ) | वामेषु (vāmeṣu) |
| vocative | वाम (vāma) | वामे (vāme) | वामानि (vāmāni) वामा¹ (vāmā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
- वामक (vāmaka)
- वामतस् (vāmatas, “from the left”)
- वामम् (vāmam, “sideways”)
Descendants
Some descendants may also continue वामक (vāmaka).
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “वाम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 941/2-3.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “वाम”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 543-544
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary][2] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 189