शारि
Sanskrit
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɕɑ́ː.ɾi/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɕɑː.ɾi/
Etymology 1
Unknown. Undoubtedly related to Classical Persian سَار (sār), سَارِی (sārī, “starling”), Old Armenian սարեակ (sareak, “starling”).[1][2] More speculatively, compare Proto-Balto-Slavic *śárˀkāˀ (“magpie”), Proto-Germanic *hrabnaz (“raven”), Latin corvus (“raven”); if all related, this may be a Wanderwort.
Noun
शारि॑ • (śā́ri) stem, f
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | शारिः (śā́riḥ) | शारी (śā́rī) | शारयः (śā́rayaḥ) |
| accusative | शारिम् (śā́rim) | शारी (śā́rī) | शारीः (śā́rīḥ) |
| instrumental | शार्या (śā́ryā) शारी¹ (śā́rī¹) |
शारिभ्याम् (śā́ribhyām) | शारिभिः (śā́ribhiḥ) |
| dative | शारये (śā́raye) शार्यै² (śā́ryai²) शारी¹ (śā́rī¹) |
शारिभ्याम् (śā́ribhyām) | शारिभ्यः (śā́ribhyaḥ) |
| ablative | शारेः (śā́reḥ) शार्याः² (śā́ryāḥ²) शार्यै³ (śā́ryai³) |
शारिभ्याम् (śā́ribhyām) | शारिभ्यः (śā́ribhyaḥ) |
| genitive | शारेः (śā́reḥ) शार्याः² (śā́ryāḥ²) शार्यै³ (śā́ryai³) |
शार्योः (śā́ryoḥ) | शारीणाम् (śā́rīṇām) |
| locative | शारौ (śā́rau) शार्याम्² (śā́ryām²) शारा¹ (śā́rā¹) |
शार्योः (śā́ryoḥ) | शारिषु (śā́riṣu) |
| vocative | शारे (śā́re) | शारी (śā́rī) | शारयः (śā́rayaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Later Sanskrit
- ³Brāhmaṇas
Derived terms
- शारिका (śārikā), सारिका (sārikā)
Descendants
- Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀮𑀺𑀓𑀸 (sālikā)
- Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀭𑀻 (sārī), 𑀲𑀸𑀭𑀺𑀆 (sāriā), 𑀲𑀸𑀮𑀳𑀻 (sālahī), 𑀲𑀸𑀮𑀳𑀺𑀆 (sālahiā), 𑀲𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀺𑀆 (sālakkiā) (see there for further descendants)
- Pali: sālikā, sāḷikā, sāliya
Etymology 2
Unknown; probably unrelated to the above term.[2] Compare श॒र (śará, “reed”), शरु॑ (śáru, “missile”), शर्य॑ (śárya, “arrow”), all attested in the Ṛgveda. Some sources instead lemmatise the word as शारी॑ (śā́rī).[3]
Noun
शारि॑ • (śā́ri) stem, f
- (Ṛgvedic hapax legomenon) arrow (projectile shot with a bow)
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.112.16:
- याभि॑र्नरा श॒यवे॒ याभि॒रत्र॑ये॒ याभिः॑ पु॒रा मन॑वे गा॒तुमी॒षथुः॑ ।
याभिः॒ शारी॒राज॑तं॒ स्यूम॑रश्मये॒ ताभि॑रू॒ षु ऊ॒तिभि॑रश्वि॒ना ग॑तम ॥- yā́bhirnarā śayáve yā́bhirátraye yā́bhiḥ purā́ mánave gātúmīṣáthuḥ.
yā́bhiḥ śā́rīrā́jataṃ syū́maraśmaye tā́bhirū ṣú ūtíbhiraśvinā́ gatama.
- 1890 translation by Ralph T. H. Griffith
- Wherewith, O Heroes, ye vouchsafed deliverance to Ṣayu, Atri, and to Manu long ago; Wherewith ye shot your shafts in Syûmaraṣmi's cause.-Come hither unto us, O Aṣvins, with those aids.
- yā́bhirnarā śayáve yā́bhirátraye yā́bhiḥ purā́ mánave gātúmīṣáthuḥ.
- याभि॑र्नरा श॒यवे॒ याभि॒रत्र॑ये॒ याभिः॑ पु॒रा मन॑वे गा॒तुमी॒षथुः॑ ।
- an elephant's housings or armour
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | शारिः (śā́riḥ) | शारी (śā́rī) | शारयः (śā́rayaḥ) |
| accusative | शारिम् (śā́rim) | शारी (śā́rī) | शारीः (śā́rīḥ) |
| instrumental | शार्या (śā́ryā) शारी¹ (śā́rī¹) |
शारिभ्याम् (śā́ribhyām) | शारिभिः (śā́ribhiḥ) |
| dative | शारये (śā́raye) शार्यै² (śā́ryai²) शारी¹ (śā́rī¹) |
शारिभ्याम् (śā́ribhyām) | शारिभ्यः (śā́ribhyaḥ) |
| ablative | शारेः (śā́reḥ) शार्याः² (śā́ryāḥ²) शार्यै³ (śā́ryai³) |
शारिभ्याम् (śā́ribhyām) | शारिभ्यः (śā́ribhyaḥ) |
| genitive | शारेः (śā́reḥ) शार्याः² (śā́ryāḥ²) शार्यै³ (śā́ryai³) |
शार्योः (śā́ryoḥ) | शारीणाम् (śā́rīṇām) |
| locative | शारौ (śā́rau) शार्याम्² (śā́ryām²) शारा¹ (śā́rā¹) |
शार्योः (śā́ryoḥ) | शारिषु (śā́riṣu) |
| vocative | शारे (śā́re) | शारी (śā́rī) | शारयः (śā́rayaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Later Sanskrit
- ³Brāhmaṇas
Etymology 3
Unknown. Similar polysemy to गुटिका (guṭikā).
Noun
शारि • (śāri) stem, m
- (chess) chessman, piece at chess (or at a kind of draughts)
- little round ball
- a kind of die or small cube used in games with dice
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | शारिः (śāriḥ) | शारी (śārī) | शारयः (śārayaḥ) |
| accusative | शारिम् (śārim) | शारी (śārī) | शारीन् (śārīn) |
| instrumental | शारिणा (śāriṇā) शार्या¹ (śāryā¹) |
शारिभ्याम् (śāribhyām) | शारिभिः (śāribhiḥ) |
| dative | शारये (śāraye) | शारिभ्याम् (śāribhyām) | शारिभ्यः (śāribhyaḥ) |
| ablative | शारेः (śāreḥ) शार्यः¹ (śāryaḥ¹) |
शारिभ्याम् (śāribhyām) | शारिभ्यः (śāribhyaḥ) |
| genitive | शारेः (śāreḥ) शार्यः¹ (śāryaḥ¹) |
शार्योः (śāryoḥ) | शारीणाम् (śārīṇām) |
| locative | शारौ (śārau) शारा¹ (śārā¹) |
शार्योः (śāryoḥ) | शारिषु (śāriṣu) |
| vocative | शारे (śāre) | शारी (śārī) | शारयः (śārayaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) “śā́riḥ”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary][1] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 327
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “śā́ri-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][2] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 630
- ^ Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “śārī”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899) “शारि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1066.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “śā́ri¹”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 718