साधु
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit साधु (sādhú).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /sɑː.d̪ʱuː/, [säː.d̪ʱuː]
Noun
साधु • (sādhu) m
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | साधु sādhu |
साधु sādhu |
| oblique | साधु sādhu |
साधुओं sādhuõ |
| vocative | साधु sādhu |
साधुओ sādhuo |
References
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “साधु”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
Adjective
साधु
- Devanagari script form of sādhu
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- সাধু (Assamese script)
- ᬲᬵᬥᬸ (Balinese script)
- সাধু (Bengali script)
- 𑰭𑰯𑰠𑰲 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀲𑀸𑀥𑀼 (Brahmi script)
- သာဓု (Burmese script)
- સાધુ (Gujarati script)
- ਸਾਧੁ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌸𑌾𑌧𑍁 (Grantha script)
- ꦱꦴꦣꦸ (Javanese script)
- 𑂮𑂰𑂡𑂳 (Kaithi script)
- ಸಾಧು (Kannada script)
- សាធុ (Khmer script)
- ສາຘຸ (Lao script)
- സാധു (Malayalam script)
- ᠰᠠ᠊ᠠᢡᡠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘭𑘰𑘠𑘳 (Modi script)
- ᠰᠠᢗᢑᠾᠤ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧍𑧑𑧀𑧔 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐳𑐵𑐢𑐸 (Newa script)
- ସାଧୁ (Odia script)
- ꢱꢵꢤꢸ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆱𑆳𑆣𑆶 (Sharada script)
- 𑖭𑖯𑖠𑖲 (Siddham script)
- සාධු (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪁𑩛𑩮𑩒 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚨𑚭𑚜𑚰 (Takri script)
- ஸாது⁴ (Tamil script)
- సాధు (Telugu script)
- สาธุ (Thai script)
- སཱ་དྷུ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒮𑒰𑒡𑒳 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨰𑨊𑨜𑨃 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *sáHdʰuš. The Sanskrit root is साध् (sādh).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /sɑː.dʱú/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /s̪ɑː.d̪ʱu/
Adjective
साधु • (sādhú) stem
- straight, right
- leading straight to a goal, hitting the mark, unerring (as an arrow or thunderbolt)
- straightened, not entangled (as threads)
- well-disposed, kind, willing, obedient
- successful, effective, efficient (as a hymn or prayer)
- ready, prepared (as soma)
- peaceful, secure
- powerful, excellent, good for (locative) or towards (locative, genitive, dative, accusative, with प्रति (prati), अनु (anu), अभि (abhi), परि (pari), or compound)
- fit, proper, right
- good, virtuous, honourable, righteous
- well-born, noble, of honourable or respectable descent
- correct, pure
- classical (as language)
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | साधुः (sādhúḥ) | साधू (sādhū́) | साधवः (sādhávaḥ) |
| accusative | साधुम् (sādhúm) | साधू (sādhū́) | साधून् (sādhū́n) |
| instrumental | साधुना (sādhúnā) साध्वा¹ (sādhvā́¹) |
साधुभ्याम् (sādhúbhyām) | साधुभिः (sādhúbhiḥ) |
| dative | साधवे (sādháve) साध्वे¹ (sādhvé¹) |
साधुभ्याम् (sādhúbhyām) | साधुभ्यः (sādhúbhyaḥ) |
| ablative | साधोः (sādhóḥ) साध्वः¹ (sādhváḥ¹) |
साधुभ्याम् (sādhúbhyām) | साधुभ्यः (sādhúbhyaḥ) |
| genitive | साधोः (sādhóḥ) साध्वः¹ (sādhváḥ¹) |
साध्वोः (sādhvóḥ) | साधूनाम् (sādhūnā́m) |
| locative | साधौ (sādhaú) | साध्वोः (sādhvóḥ) | साधुषु (sādhúṣu) |
| vocative | साधो (sā́dho) | साधू (sā́dhū) | साधवः (sā́dhavaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | साध्वी (sādhvī́) | साध्व्यौ (sādhvyaù) साध्वी¹ (sādhvī́¹) |
साध्व्यः (sādhvyàḥ) साध्वीः¹ (sādhvī́ḥ¹) |
| accusative | साध्वीम् (sādhvī́m) | साध्व्यौ (sādhvyaù) साध्वी¹ (sādhvī́¹) |
साध्वीः (sādhvī́ḥ) |
| instrumental | साध्व्या (sādhvyā́) | साध्वीभ्याम् (sādhvī́bhyām) | साध्वीभिः (sādhvī́bhiḥ) |
| dative | साध्व्यै (sādhvyaí) | साध्वीभ्याम् (sādhvī́bhyām) | साध्वीभ्यः (sādhvī́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | साध्व्याः (sādhvyā́ḥ) साध्व्यै² (sādhvyaí²) |
साध्वीभ्याम् (sādhvī́bhyām) | साध्वीभ्यः (sādhvī́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | साध्व्याः (sādhvyā́ḥ) साध्व्यै² (sādhvyaí²) |
साध्व्योः (sādhvyóḥ) | साध्वीनाम् (sādhvī́nām) |
| locative | साध्व्याम् (sādhvyā́m) | साध्व्योः (sādhvyóḥ) | साध्वीषु (sādhvī́ṣu) |
| vocative | साध्वि (sā́dhvi) | साध्व्यौ (sā́dhvyau) साध्वी¹ (sā́dhvī¹) |
साध्व्यः (sā́dhvyaḥ) साध्वीः¹ (sā́dhvīḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | साधु (sādhú) | साधुनी (sādhúnī) | साधूनि (sādhū́ni) साधु¹ (sādhú¹) साधू¹ (sādhū́¹) |
| accusative | साधु (sādhú) | साधुनी (sādhúnī) | साधूनि (sādhū́ni) साधु¹ (sādhú¹) साधू¹ (sādhū́¹) |
| instrumental | साधुना (sādhúnā) साध्वा¹ (sādhvā́¹) |
साधुभ्याम् (sādhúbhyām) | साधुभिः (sādhúbhiḥ) |
| dative | साधुने (sādhúne) साधवे (sādháve) साध्वे¹ (sādhvé¹) |
साधुभ्याम् (sādhúbhyām) | साधुभ्यः (sādhúbhyaḥ) |
| ablative | साधुनः (sādhúnaḥ) साधोः (sādhóḥ) साध्वः¹ (sādhváḥ¹) |
साधुभ्याम् (sādhúbhyām) | साधुभ्यः (sādhúbhyaḥ) |
| genitive | साधुनः (sādhúnaḥ) साधोः (sādhóḥ) साध्वः¹ (sādhváḥ¹) |
साधुनोः (sādhúnoḥ) साध्वोः (sādhvóḥ) |
साधूनाम् (sādhūnā́m) |
| locative | साधुनि (sādhúni) साधौ (sādhaú) |
साधुनोः (sādhúnoḥ) साध्वोः (sādhvóḥ) |
साधुषु (sādhúṣu) |
| vocative | साधु (sā́dhu) साधो (sā́dho) |
साधुनी (sā́dhunī) | साधूनि (sā́dhūni) साधु¹ (sā́dhu¹) साधू¹ (sā́dhū¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Adverb
साधु • (sādhú)
- straight, aright, regularly
- well, rightly, skilfully, properly, agreeably
- sādhú √vṛt (+ locative) — to behave well towards
- sādhú √kṛ — to set eight
- sādhú √ās — to be well or at ease
- well, greatly, in a high degree
- assuredly, indeed
Interjection
साधु • (sādhú)
- good! well done! bravo!
- well, enough of, away with (+instrumental)!
- well come on! (+imperative or 1. pr.)
Noun
साधु • (sādhú) stem, m
- a good or virtuous or honest man
- a holy man, saint, sage, seer; a sadhu
- (Jainism) a जिन (jina) or deified saint
- a jeweller
- a merchant, money-lender, usurer
- (grammar) a derivative or inflected noun
- a saintly woman
- a kind of root (= मेदा (medā))
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | साधुः (sādhúḥ) | साधू (sādhū́) | साधवः (sādhávaḥ) |
| accusative | साधुम् (sādhúm) | साधू (sādhū́) | साधून् (sādhū́n) |
| instrumental | साधुना (sādhúnā) साध्वा¹ (sādhvā́¹) |
साधुभ्याम् (sādhúbhyām) | साधुभिः (sādhúbhiḥ) |
| dative | साधवे (sādháve) साध्वे¹ (sādhvé¹) |
साधुभ्याम् (sādhúbhyām) | साधुभ्यः (sādhúbhyaḥ) |
| ablative | साधोः (sādhóḥ) साध्वः¹ (sādhváḥ¹) |
साधुभ्याम् (sādhúbhyām) | साधुभ्यः (sādhúbhyaḥ) |
| genitive | साधोः (sādhóḥ) साध्वः¹ (sādhváḥ¹) |
साध्वोः (sādhvóḥ) | साधूनाम् (sādhūnā́m) |
| locative | साधौ (sādhaú) | साध्वोः (sādhvóḥ) | साधुषु (sādhúṣu) |
| vocative | साधो (sā́dho) | साधू (sā́dhū) | साधवः (sā́dhavaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
Noun
साधु • (sādhú) stem, n
- the good or right or honest, a good etc. thing or act
- साध्व् अस्ति (sādhv asti) (+dative) — it is well with
- sādhu-√man (+ accusative) — to consider a thing good, approve
- gentleness, kindness, benevolence
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | साधु (sādhú) | साधुनी (sādhúnī) | साधूनि (sādhū́ni) साधु¹ (sādhú¹) साधू¹ (sādhū́¹) |
| accusative | साधु (sādhú) | साधुनी (sādhúnī) | साधूनि (sādhū́ni) साधु¹ (sādhú¹) साधू¹ (sādhū́¹) |
| instrumental | साधुना (sādhúnā) साध्वा¹ (sādhvā́¹) |
साधुभ्याम् (sādhúbhyām) | साधुभिः (sādhúbhiḥ) |
| dative | साधुने (sādhúne) साधवे¹ (sādháve¹) साध्वे¹ (sādhvé¹) |
साधुभ्याम् (sādhúbhyām) | साधुभ्यः (sādhúbhyaḥ) |
| ablative | साधुनः (sādhúnaḥ) साधोः¹ (sādhóḥ¹) साध्वः¹ (sādhváḥ¹) |
साधुभ्याम् (sādhúbhyām) | साधुभ्यः (sādhúbhyaḥ) |
| genitive | साधुनः (sādhúnaḥ) साधोः¹ (sādhóḥ¹) साध्वः¹ (sādhváḥ¹) |
साधुनोः (sādhúnoḥ) साध्वोः¹ (sādhvóḥ¹) |
साधूनाम् (sādhūnā́m) |
| locative | साधुनि (sādhúni) साधौ¹ (sādhaú¹) |
साधुनोः (sādhúnoḥ) साध्वोः¹ (sādhvóḥ¹) |
साधुषु (sādhúṣu) |
| vocative | साधु (sā́dhu) साधो (sā́dho) |
साधुनी (sā́dhunī) | साधूनि (sā́dhūni) साधु¹ (sā́dhu¹) साधू¹ (sā́dhū¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀥𑀼 (sādhu)
- Pali: sādhu
- → English: sadhu
- → Gujarati: સાધુ (sādhu)
- → Hindi: साधु (sādhu)
- → Kannada: ಸಾಧು (sādhu)
- → Marathi: साधू (sādhū)
- → Malay: sadu
- Indonesian: sadu (“best”)
- → Old Javanese: sādhu (“good, virtuous; sadhu”)
- → Tamil: சாது (cātu)
References
- “साधु॑” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 612, column 2.
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “साधु”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 346
- Monier Williams (1899) “Sādhú”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1201, column 2.
