ἱλάσκομαι
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- ῐ̔λᾰ́ομαι (hĭlắomai) — Epic
Etymology
From the reduplicated *si-sl̥h₂-sḱetor, from Proto-Indo-European *selh₂- (“mercy, comfort”). By surface analysis, ῑ̔́λαος (hī́laos, “propitious, gracious”) + -σκω (-skō).
Directly cognate to Old Armenian աղաչեմ (ałačʻem, “to pray”), and further to Latin sōlor (“to comfort”), Gothic 𐍃𐌴𐌻𐍃 (sēls, “good, kind”), Icelandic sæll (“happy”), German selig (“overjoyed”), English silly.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /hiː.lás.ko.mai̯/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /(h)iˈlas.ko.mɛ/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /iˈlas.ko.mɛ/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /iˈlas.ko.me/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /iˈlas.ko.me/
Verb
ῑ̔λᾰ́σκομαι • (hīlắskomai)
- to appease, conciliate, propitiate; to expiate
- New Testament, Epistle to the Hebrews 2:17
- (passive voice) to be merciful, gracious
Inflection
Present: ῑ̔λᾰ́σκομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ῑ̔λᾰ́σκομαι | ῑ̔λᾰ́σκῃ / ῑ̔λᾰ́σκει | ῑ̔λᾰ́σκεται | ῑ̔λᾰ́σκεσθον | ῑ̔λᾰ́σκεσθον | ῑ̔λᾰσκόμεθᾰ | ῑ̔λᾰ́σκεσθε | ῑ̔λᾰ́σκονται | ||||
| subjunctive | ῑ̔λᾰ́σκωμαι | ῑ̔λᾰ́σκῃ | ῑ̔λᾰ́σκηται | ῑ̔λᾰ́σκησθον | ῑ̔λᾰ́σκησθον | ῑ̔λᾰσκώμεθᾰ | ῑ̔λᾰ́σκησθε | ῑ̔λᾰ́σκωνται | |||||
| optative | ῑ̔λᾰσκοίμην | ῑ̔λᾰ́σκοιο | ῑ̔λᾰ́σκοιτο | ῑ̔λᾰ́σκοισθον | ῑ̔λᾰσκοίσθην | ῑ̔λᾰσκοίμεθᾰ | ῑ̔λᾰ́σκοισθε | ῑ̔λᾰ́σκοιντο | |||||
| imperative | ῑ̔λᾰ́σκου | ῑ̔λᾰσκέσθω | ῑ̔λᾰ́σκεσθον | ῑ̔λᾰσκέσθων | ῑ̔λᾰ́σκεσθε | ῑ̔λᾰσκέσθων | |||||||
| middle/passive | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ῑ̔λᾰ́σκεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ῑ̔λᾰσκόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | ῑ̔λᾰσκομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | ῑ̔λᾰσκόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Present: ῑ̔λᾰ́ομαι (Epic, uncontracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ῑ̔λᾰ́ομαι | ῑ̔λᾰ́εαι | ῑ̔λᾰ́εται | ῑ̔λᾰ́εσθον | ῑ̔λᾰ́εσθον | ῑ̔λᾰόμε(σ)θᾰ | ῑ̔λᾰ́εσθε | ῑ̔λᾰ́ονται | ||||
| subjunctive | ῑ̔λᾰ́ωμαι | ῑ̔λᾰ́ηαι | ῑ̔λᾰ́ηται | ῑ̔λᾰ́ησθον | ῑ̔λᾰ́ησθον | ῑ̔λᾰώμε(σ)θᾰ | ῑ̔λᾰ́ησθε | ῑ̔λᾰ́ωνται | |||||
| optative | ῑ̔λᾰοίμην | ῑ̔λᾰ́οιο | ῑ̔λᾰ́οιτο | ῑ̔λᾰ́οισθον | ῑ̔λᾰοίσθην | ῑ̔λᾰοίμε(σ)θᾰ | ῑ̔λᾰ́οισθε | ῑ̔λᾰοίᾰτο | |||||
| imperative | ῑ̔λᾰ́εο | ῑ̔λᾰέσθω | ῑ̔λᾰ́εσθον | ῑ̔λᾰέσθων | ῑ̔λᾰ́εσθε | ῑ̔λᾰέσθων | |||||||
| middle/passive | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ῑ̔λᾰ́εσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ῑ̔λᾰόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | ῑ̔λᾰομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | ῑ̔λᾰόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Present: ῑ̔λῶμαι (Epic, contracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ῑ̔λῶμαι | ῑ̔λᾷ | ῑ̔λᾶται | ῑ̔λᾶσθον | ῑ̔λᾶσθον | ῑ̔λώμε(σ)θᾰ | ῑ̔λᾶσθε | ῑ̔λῶνται | ||||
| subjunctive | ῑ̔λῶμαι | ῑ̔λᾷ | ῑ̔λᾶται | ῑ̔λᾶσθον | ῑ̔λᾶσθον | ῑ̔λώμε(σ)θᾰ | ῑ̔λᾶσθε | ῑ̔λῶνται | |||||
| optative | ῑ̔λῴμην | ῑ̔λῷο | ῑ̔λῷτο | ῑ̔λῷσθον | ῑ̔λῴσθην | ῑ̔λῴμε(σ)θᾰ | ῑ̔λῷσθε | ῑ̔λῴᾰτο | |||||
| imperative | ῑ̔λῶ | ῑ̔λᾱ́σθω | ῑ̔λᾶσθον | ῑ̔λᾱ́σθων | ῑ̔λᾶσθε | ῑ̔λᾱ́σθων | |||||||
| middle/passive | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ῑ̔λᾶσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ῑ̔λώμενος | |||||||||||
| f | ῑ̔λωμένη | ||||||||||||
| n | ῑ̔λώμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ῑ̔λᾰσκόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ῑ̔λᾰσκόμην | ῑ̔λᾰ́σκου | ῑ̔λᾰ́σκετο | ῑ̔λᾰ́σκεσθον | ῑ̔λᾰσκέσθην | ῑ̔λᾰσκόμεθᾰ | ῑ̔λᾰ́σκεσθε | ῑ̔λᾰ́σκοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: ῑ̔λᾰ́σομαι, ἱλᾰσθήσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | ῑ̔λᾰ́σομαι | ῑ̔λᾰ́σῃ / ῑ̔λᾰ́σει | ῑ̔λᾰ́σεται | ῑ̔λᾰ́σεσθον | ῑ̔λᾰ́σεσθον | ῑ̔λᾰσόμεθᾰ | ῑ̔λᾰ́σεσθε | ῑ̔λᾰ́σονται | ||||
| optative | ῑ̔λᾰσοίμην | ῑ̔λᾰ́σοιο | ῑ̔λᾰ́σοιτο | ῑ̔λᾰ́σοισθον | ῑ̔λᾰσοίσθην | ῑ̔λᾰσοίμεθᾰ | ῑ̔λᾰ́σοισθε | ῑ̔λᾰ́σοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | ἱλᾰσθήσομαι | ἱλᾰσθήσῃ | ἱλᾰσθήσεται | ἱλᾰσθήσεσθον | ἱλᾰσθήσεσθον | ἱλᾰσθησόμεθᾰ | ἱλᾰσθήσεσθε | ἱλᾰσθήσονται | ||||
| optative | ἱλᾰσθησοίμην | ἱλᾰσθήσοιο | ἱλᾰσθήσοιτο | ἱλᾰσθήσοισθον | ἱλᾰσθησοίσθην | ἱλᾰσθησοίμεθᾰ | ἱλᾰσθήσοισθε | ἱλᾰσθήσοιντο | |||||
| middle | passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ῑ̔λᾰ́σεσθαι | ἱλᾰσθήσεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ῑ̔λᾰσόμενος | ἱλᾰσθησόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | ῑ̔λᾰσομένη | ἱλᾰσθησομένη | |||||||||||
| n | ῑ̔λᾰσόμενον | ἱλᾰσθησόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: ῑ̔λᾰ́σσομαι (Epic)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | ῑ̔λᾰ́σσομαι | ῑ̔λᾰ́σσεαι | ῑ̔λᾰ́σσεται | ῑ̔λᾰ́σσεσθον | ῑ̔λᾰ́σσεσθον | ῑ̔λᾰσσόμε(σ)θᾰ | ῑ̔λᾰ́σσεσθε | ῑ̔λᾰ́σσονται | ||||
| optative | ῑ̔λᾰσσοίμην | ῑ̔λᾰ́σσοιο | ῑ̔λᾰ́σσοιτο | ῑ̔λᾰ́σσοισθον | ῑ̔λᾰσσοίσθην | ῑ̔λᾰσσοίμε(σ)θᾰ | ῑ̔λᾰ́σσοισθε | ῑ̔λᾰσσοίᾰτο | |||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ῑ̔λᾰ́σσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ῑ̔λᾰσσόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | ῑ̔λᾰσσομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | ῑ̔λᾰσσόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: ῑ̔λᾰ́ξομαι (Epic)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | ῑ̔λᾰ́ξομαι | ῑ̔λᾰ́ξεαι | ῑ̔λᾰ́ξεται | ῑ̔λᾰ́ξεσθον | ῑ̔λᾰ́ξεσθον | ῑ̔λᾰξόμε(σ)θᾰ | ῑ̔λᾰ́ξεσθε | ῑ̔λᾰ́ξονται | ||||
| optative | ῑ̔λᾰξοίμην | ῑ̔λᾰ́ξοιο | ῑ̔λᾰ́ξοιτο | ῑ̔λᾰ́ξοισθον | ῑ̔λᾰξοίσθην | ῑ̔λᾰξοίμε(σ)θᾰ | ῑ̔λᾰ́ξοισθε | ῑ̔λᾰξοίᾰτο | |||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ῑ̔λᾰ́ξεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ῑ̔λᾰξόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | ῑ̔λᾰξομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | ῑ̔λᾰξόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ῑ̔λᾰσᾰ́μην, ἱλάσθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | ῑ̔λᾰσᾰ́μην | ῑ̔λᾰ́σω | ῑ̔λᾰ́σᾰτο | ῑ̔λᾰ́σᾰσθον | ῑ̔λᾰσᾰ́σθην | ῑ̔λᾰσᾰ́μεθᾰ | ῑ̔λᾰ́σᾰσθε | ῑ̔λᾰ́σᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | ῑ̔λᾰ́σωμαι | ῑ̔λᾰ́σῃ | ῑ̔λᾰ́σηται | ῑ̔λᾰ́σησθον | ῑ̔λᾰ́σησθον | ῑ̔λᾰσώμεθᾰ | ῑ̔λᾰ́σησθε | ῑ̔λᾰ́σωνται | |||||
| optative | ῑ̔λᾰσαίμην | ῑ̔λᾰ́σαιο | ῑ̔λᾰ́σαιτο | ῑ̔λᾰ́σαισθον | ῑ̔λᾰσαίσθην | ῑ̔λᾰσαίμεθᾰ | ῑ̔λᾰ́σαισθε | ῑ̔λᾰ́σαιντο | |||||
| imperative | ῑ̔́λᾰσαι | ῑ̔λᾰσᾰ́σθω | ῑ̔λᾰ́σᾰσθον | ῑ̔λᾰσᾰ́σθων | ῑ̔λᾰ́σᾰσθε | ῑ̔λᾰσᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ἱλάσθην | ἱλάσθης | ἱλάσθη | ἱλάσθητον | ἱλασθήτην | ἱλάσθημεν | ἱλάσθητε | ἱλάσθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | ἱλασθῶ | ἱλασθῇς | ἱλασθῇ | ἱλασθῆτον | ἱλασθῆτον | ἱλασθῶμεν | ἱλασθῆτε | ἱλασθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἱλασθείην | ἱλασθείης | ἱλασθείη | ἱλασθεῖτον / ἱλασθείητον | ἱλασθείτην / ἱλασθειήτην | ἱλασθεῖμεν / ἱλασθείημεν | ἱλασθεῖτε / ἱλασθείητε | ἱλασθεῖεν / ἱλασθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | ἱλάσθητῐ | ἱλασθήτω | ἱλάσθητον | ἱλασθήτων | ἱλάσθητε | ἱλασθέντων | |||||||
| middle | passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ῑ̔λᾰ́σᾰσθαι | ἱλασθῆναι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ῑ̔λᾰσᾰ́μενος | ἱλασθείς | ||||||||||
| f | ῑ̔λᾰσᾰμένη | ἱλασθεῖσᾰ | |||||||||||
| n | ῑ̔λᾰσᾰ́μενον | ἱλασθέν | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ῑ̔λᾰσσᾰ́μην (Epic)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | ῑ̔λᾰσσᾰ́μην | ῑ̔λᾰ́σσᾰο | ῑ̔λᾰ́σσᾰτο | ῑ̔λᾰ́σσᾰσθον | ῑ̔λᾰσσᾰ́σθην | ῑ̔λᾰσσᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ | ῑ̔λᾰ́σσᾰσθε | ῑ̔λᾰ́σσᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | ῑ̔λᾰ́σσωμαι | ῑ̔λᾰ́σσηαι | ῑ̔λᾰ́σσηται | ῑ̔λᾰ́σσησθον | ῑ̔λᾰ́σσησθον | ῑ̔λᾰσσώμε(σ)θᾰ | ῑ̔λᾰ́σσησθε | ῑ̔λᾰ́σσωνται | |||||
| optative | ῑ̔λᾰσσαίμην | ῑ̔λᾰ́σσαιο | ῑ̔λᾰ́σσαιτο | ῑ̔λᾰ́σσαισθον | ῑ̔λᾰσσαίσθην | ῑ̔λᾰσσαίμε(σ)θᾰ | ῑ̔λᾰ́σσαισθε | ῑ̔λᾰσσαίᾰτο | |||||
| imperative | ῑ̔́λᾰσσαι | ῑ̔λᾰσσᾰ́σθω | ῑ̔λᾰ́σσᾰσθον | ῑ̔λᾰσσᾰ́σθων | ῑ̔λᾰ́σσᾰσθε | ῑ̔λᾰσσᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ῑ̔λᾰ́σσᾰσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ῑ̔λᾰσσᾰ́μενος | |||||||||||
| f | ῑ̔λᾰσσᾰμένη | ||||||||||||
| n | ῑ̔λᾰσσᾰ́μενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ῑ̔λᾰξᾰ́μην (Epic)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | ῑ̔λᾰξᾰ́μην | ῑ̔λᾰ́ξᾰο | ῑ̔λᾰ́ξᾰτο | ῑ̔λᾰ́ξᾰσθον | ῑ̔λᾰξᾰ́σθην | ῑ̔λᾰξᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ | ῑ̔λᾰ́ξᾰσθε | ῑ̔λᾰ́ξᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | ῑ̔λᾰ́ξωμαι | ῑ̔λᾰ́ξηαι | ῑ̔λᾰ́ξηται | ῑ̔λᾰ́ξησθον | ῑ̔λᾰ́ξησθον | ῑ̔λᾰξώμε(σ)θᾰ | ῑ̔λᾰ́ξησθε | ῑ̔λᾰ́ξωνται | |||||
| optative | ῑ̔λᾰξαίμην | ῑ̔λᾰ́ξαιο | ῑ̔λᾰ́ξαιτο | ῑ̔λᾰ́ξαισθον | ῑ̔λᾰξαίσθην | ῑ̔λᾰξαίμε(σ)θᾰ | ῑ̔λᾰ́ξαισθε | ῑ̔λᾰξαίᾰτο | |||||
| imperative | ῑ̔́λᾰξαι | ῑ̔λᾰξᾰ́σθω | ῑ̔λᾰ́ξᾰσθον | ῑ̔λᾰξᾰ́σθων | ῑ̔λᾰ́ξᾰσθε | ῑ̔λᾰξᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ῑ̔λᾰ́ξᾰσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ῑ̔λᾰξᾰ́μενος | |||||||||||
| f | ῑ̔λᾰξᾰμένη | ||||||||||||
| n | ῑ̔λᾰξᾰ́μενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ἀφῑλάσκομαι (aphīláskomai)
- ἐξῑλάσκομαι (exīláskomai)
- προϊλάσκομαι (proïláskomai)
Related terms
References
- “ἱλάσκομαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἱλάσκομαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἱλάσκομαι”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἱλάσκομαι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἱλάσκομαι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “ἱλάσκομαι”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G2433 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible