夂

See also: 攵, 夊, and 〩

夂	U+5902, 夂 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5902

← 夁
[U+5901]

CJK Unified Ideographs

夃 →
[U+5903]

⼡	U+2F21, ⼡ KANGXI RADICAL GO

← ⼠
[U+2F20]

Kangxi Radicals

⼢ →
[U+2F22]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

夂 (Kangxi radical 34, 夂+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 竹水 (HE) or 難竹水 (XHE), four-corner 2740₀, composition ⿻𠂊㇏)

Kangxi radical #34, ⼡.

Derived characters

Appendix:Chinese radical/夂
冬, 务, 各, 𪢶, 𢁙, 㣊, 𢩸, 𣅈, 条, 𤰅, 𧈸, 𮗺, 𥇠, 𧍸

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 244, character 17
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5691
Dae Jaweon: page 484, character 22
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 867, character 15
Unihan data for U+5902

Usage notes

This character is usually written as the top component of a character such as in 冬, 各, 㣊, 夅, 夆, 备 or as a side component in 处, 処 and is not to be confused with 夊 which is often written as the bottom component of a character or 攵 which is often written as the right component of a character.

Chinese

simp. and trad.		夂

Glyph origin

Etymology 1 and 3

Historical forms of the character 夂
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Pictogram (象形) of a footprint pointing down. See 夊 (suī), which represents a variant of this character. Shuowen: Ideogram (指事) – two legs (𠂊) followed by something from behind (㇏) – to approach from behind. However, all Xu Shen's interpretations are not based on oracle bones and Zhou bronzes.

Unrelated to 冬, in which the top component represents a rope with a knot on top (today 終). Also unrelated to 散 despite meaning "to walk".

Etymology 2

Pictogram (象形) – the knot at the end of a rope; ancient form of 終 ("[to] end").

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhǐ (zhi³)

(Zhuyin): ㄓˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chí
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chí / tí
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tsy

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhǐh
  - Wade–Giles: chih³
  - Yale: jř
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyy
  - Palladius: чжи (čži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zi²
  - Yale: jí
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi²
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chí
  - Hakka Romanization System: ji^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ji³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡si³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chí
  - Tâi-lô: tsí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cie
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡si⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tí
  - Tâi-lô: tí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: die
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ti⁵⁵⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tsy
  - MiniDict: tsy^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tsr
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sz̩³⁴/

Middle Chinese: trijX

Rime
Character	夂
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	豬几切
Baxter	trijX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈˠiɪ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈᵚi^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiɪ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈji^X/
Li Rong	/ȶji^X/
Wang Li	/ȶi^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶi^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi²

Definitions

夂

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to approach from behind

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 夂 – see 終 (“end; ending; termination; to come to an end; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 終).

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 夂 – see 夊 (“of going, slow”). (This character is a variant form of 夊).

Usage notes

As a component of other characters, 夂 can be referred to as 折文兒／折文儿 or 冬字頭／冬字头.

Japanese

Kanji

夂

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

On (unclassified): ち (chi)、しゅう (shū)、しゅ (shu)
Kun: おくれる (okureru)

Vietnamese

Han character

夂: Hán Nôm readings: truy

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