五穀

See also: 五谷

Chinese

		five	grain; corn
trad. (五穀)		五	穀
simp. (五谷)		五	谷

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): wǔgǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄨˇ ㄍㄨˇ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): wu³ gu²
Cantonese (Jyutping): ng⁵ guk¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ńg-kuk

(Hailu, HRS): ng^ˊ gug
Jin (Wiktionary): vu² gueh⁴
Northern Min (KCR): ngù-gŭ
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gou³ gorh⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ngó͘-kok / gó͘-kok / gō͘-kak / gǒ͘-kak

(Teochew, Peng'im): ngou⁶ gag⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ng-koq
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): u³ gu⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wǔgǔ [Phonetic: wúgǔ]
  - Zhuyin: ㄨˇ ㄍㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wǔgǔ
  - Wade–Giles: wu³-ku³
  - Yale: wǔ-gǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuuguu
  - Palladius: угу (ugu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: wu³ gu²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ugu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /vu⁵³ ku²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ng⁵ guk¹
  - Yale: ńgh gūk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ng⁵ guk⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: ng⁵ gug¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋ̍¹³ kʊk̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ńg-kuk
  - Hakka Romanization System: ng^ˋ gug^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ng³ gug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋ̍³¹ kuk̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: ng^ˊ gug
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋ²⁴⁻³³ kuk⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: vu² gueh⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /vu⁵³ kuəʔ²/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngù-gŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋu⁴² ku²⁴/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gou³ gorh⁶ [Phonetic: gou² gorh⁶]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gô-go̤h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔu⁴⁵³⁻¹³ kɒʔ²¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gou³ gorh⁶ [Phonetic: gou² gorh⁶]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔu³³²⁻²⁴ kɒʔ²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngó͘-kok
  - Tâi-lô: ngóo-kok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ngofkog
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gó͘-kok
  - Tâi-lô: góo-kok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gofkog
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kɔk̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gō͘-kak
  - Tâi-lô: gōo-kak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: goxkag
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɡɔ²²⁻²¹ kak̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gǒ͘-kak
  - Tâi-lô: gǒo-kak
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡɔ²² kak̚⁵/

Note:

ngó͘-kok/gó͘-kok - literary;
gō͘-kak/gǒ͘-kak - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: ngou⁶ gag⁴
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngŏu kak
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋou³⁵⁻¹¹ kak̚²/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶ng-koq
  - MiniDict: ng^去 koh
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhngg-koq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋ̍²² koʔ⁴⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: u³ gu⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u⁴¹ ku²⁴/

Middle Chinese: nguX kuwk

Rime
Character	五	穀
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	屋 (3)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	疑古切	古禄切
Baxter	nguX	kuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋuo^X/	/kuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋuo^X/	/kuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋo^X/	/kuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɔ^X/	/kəwk̚/
Li Rong	/ŋo^X/	/kuk̚/
Wang Li	/ŋu^X/	/kuk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋuo^X/	/kuk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wǔ	gu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ng⁵	guk¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ŋˤaʔ [k]ˤok/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːʔ kloːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	五	穀
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wǔ	gǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ ngu^X ›	‹ kuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*C.ŋˁaʔ/	/*[k]ˁok/
English	five	grain
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	五	穀
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	13147	7423
Phonetic component	五	殻
Rime group	魚	屋
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	五	穀
Old Chinese	/*ŋaːʔ/	/*kloːɡ/

Noun

五穀

the Five Grains or Five Cereals
- 2007, 钱乃荣 [Qian Nairong], 上海话大词典 [Shànghǎihuà dàcídiǎn], 上海辞书出版社, page 47:
  
  人儕是吃五穀長大個，人人要生病。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
  人侪是吃五谷长大个，人人要生病。 [Shanghainese, simp.]
  ⁶gnin ⁶ze ⁶zy ⁷chiq ⁶ng-koq ⁵tsan ⁶du ⁰gheq ⁶gnin-gnin ⁵iau ¹san-bin [Wugniu]
  Everyone grows up eating the five grains, and everyone gets sick sometimes.

Synonyms

(Jin) 五穀雜糧／五谷杂粮 (wǔgǔzáliáng)

Derived terms

五穀豐登 / 五谷丰登 (wǔgǔfēngdēng)
五穀雜糧 / 五谷杂粮 (wǔgǔzáliáng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (五穀):

→ Japanese: 五(ご)穀(こく) (gokoku)
→ Korean: 오곡(五穀) (ogok)
→ Vietnamese: ngũ cốc (五穀)

References

“五穀”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
五	穀
ご Grade: 1	こく Grade: 6
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ごこく [góꜜkòkù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɡo̞ko̞kɯ̟]

Noun

五(ご)穀(こく) • (gokoku)

the Five Grains or Five Cereals

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
五	穀

Noun

五穀 • (ogok) (hangeul 오곡)

hanja form^? of 오곡 (“the Five Grains or Five Cereals”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
五	穀

Noun

五穀

chữ Hán form of ngũ cốc (“the Five Grains or Five Cereals”)

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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