Translingual
Han character
儕 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+14, 16 strokes, cangjie input 人卜難 (OYX), four-corner 20223, composition ⿰亻齊)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 119, character 38
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1227
- Dae Jaweon: page 253, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 231, character 14
- Unihan data for U+5115
Chinese
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 儕
|
|
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:
- Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
- Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
- Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
- Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
|
Characters in the same phonetic series (
齊)
(Zhengzhang, 2003)
|
Old Chinese
|
儕
|
*zriːl
|
麡
|
*zriːl, *ʔsliːl, *zliːl
|
齋
|
*ʔsriːl
|
穧
|
*ʔsleds, *ʔsliːls, *zliːls
|
擠
|
*ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls
|
躋
|
*ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls
|
齏
|
*ʔsliːl
|
齎
|
*ʔsliːl, *ʔslil
|
櫅
|
*ʔsliːl
|
齌
|
*ʔsliːl, *sʰliːl, *zliːls
|
隮
|
*ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls
|
賷
|
*ʔsliːl
|
虀
|
*ʔsliːl
|
濟
|
*ʔsliːlʔ, *ʔsliːls
|
癠
|
*ʔsliːlʔ, *zliːl, *zliːlʔ, *zliːls
|
霽
|
*ʔsliːls
|
齊
|
*zliːl, *zliːls
|
臍
|
*zliːl
|
蠐
|
*zliːl, *zlil
|
懠
|
*zliːl, *zliːls
|
薺
|
*zliːlʔ, *zlil
|
鱭
|
*zliːlʔ
|
嚌
|
*zliːls
|
劑
|
*zliːls, *ʔslel
|
齍
|
*ʔslil
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zriːl): semantic 人 + phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls).
Etymology 1
From 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls).
Pronunciation
Note: zai3 - due to confusion with
濟.
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
|
Character
|
儕
|
Reading #
|
1/1
|
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
|
chái
|
Middle Chinese
|
‹ dzrɛj ›
|
Old Chinese
|
/*[dz]ˁ<r>əj/
|
English
|
category, equals
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
|
Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
Character
|
儕
|
Reading #
|
1/1
|
No.
|
10029
|
Phonetic component
|
齊
|
Rime group
|
脂
|
Rime subdivision
|
1
|
Corresponding MC rime
|
豺
|
Old Chinese
|
/*zriːl/
|
Definitions
儕
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) fellows; associates; company; companion
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to make (two people) become a pair; to make people marry
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) together; with each other
Compounds
- 儕倫 / 侪伦
- 儕居 / 侪居
- 儕輩 / 侪辈 (cháibèi)
- 同儕 / 同侪 (tóngchái)
- 吾儕 / 吾侪 (wúchái)
- 奴儕 / 奴侪
- 朋儕 / 朋侪
- 詩酒朋儕 / 诗酒朋侪
Etymology 2
Possibly related to Proto-Tai *ʑaːjᴬ (“man; male”) (Luo and Deng, 1995; Li, 1997).
Pronunciation
Definitions
儕
- (Hakka, Central Min, usually in compounds) person
- (Hakka) Classifier for people.
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of
個 (“(classifier for people)”)
[map]
Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
個
|
Northeastern Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
個
|
Taiwan
|
個
|
Malaysia
|
個
|
Singapore
|
個
|
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)
|
個
|
Jilu Mandarin
|
Jinan
|
個
|
Jiaoliao Mandarin
|
Yantai (Muping)
|
個
|
Central Plains Mandarin
|
Luoyang
|
個
|
Xi'an
|
個
|
Xining
|
個
|
Xuzhou
|
個
|
Lanyin Mandarin
|
Yinchuan
|
個
|
Ürümqi
|
個
|
Southwestern Mandarin
|
Chengdu
|
個
|
Wuhan
|
個
|
Guiyang
|
個
|
Guilin
|
個
|
Jianghuai Mandarin
|
Nanjing
|
個
|
Yangzhou
|
個
|
Hefei
|
個
|
Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
個
|
Hong Kong
|
個
|
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)
|
個
|
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)
|
個
|
Hong Kong (Ting Kok)
|
個
|
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)
|
隻
|
Macau
|
個
|
Guangzhou (Panyu)
|
個
|
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)
|
個
|
Guangzhou (Conghua)
|
個
|
Guangzhou (Zengcheng)
|
個
|
Foshan
|
個
|
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)
|
個
|
Foshan (Shunde)
|
個
|
Foshan (Sanshui)
|
個
|
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)
|
個
|
Zhongshan (Shiqi)
|
個
|
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)
|
個
|
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)
|
個
|
Zhuhai (Doumen)
|
個
|
Jiangmen (Baisha)
|
個
|
Jiangmen (Xinhui)
|
個
|
Taishan
|
個
|
Kaiping (Chikan)
|
個
|
Enping (Niujiang)
|
個
|
Heshan (Yayao)
|
個
|
Dongguan
|
個
|
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)
|
個
|
Shenzhen (Dapeng)
|
隻
|
Yangjiang
|
個
|
Nanning
|
個, 隻
|
Sanya (Yanglan; Maihua)
|
個
|
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
|
個
|
Singapore (Guangfu)
|
個
|
Gan
|
Nanchang
|
個, 隻
|
Lichuan
|
個
|
Pingxiang
|
個
|
Hakka
|
Meixian
|
隻
|
Xingning
|
隻
|
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)
|
隻
|
Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua)
|
隻
|
Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua)
|
隻
|
Huiyang
|
隻
|
Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua)
|
隻
|
Dongguan (Qingxi)
|
隻
|
Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua)
|
隻
|
Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua)
|
隻
|
Boluo (Bendihua)
|
隻
|
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)
|
隻
|
Zhongshan (Wuguishan)
|
隻
|
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)
|
隻
|
Wuhua (Shuizhai)
|
隻
|
Wuhua (Huacheng)
|
隻
|
Wuhua (Changbu)
|
隻
|
Wuhua (Mianyang)
|
隻
|
Heyuan (Bendihua)
|
隻
|
Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua)
|
隻
|
Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua)
|
隻
|
Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua)
|
隻
|
Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua)
|
隻
|
Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua)
|
隻
|
Wengyuan
|
隻, 個
|
Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua)
|
隻, 個
|
Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua)
|
個
|
Liannan
|
個
|
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)
|
隻
|
Jiexi
|
個, 儕
|
Luhe
|
隻
|
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)
|
個
|
Changting
|
個
|
Wuping (Yanqian)
|
個
|
Ninghua
|
個
|
Yudu
|
個
|
Ningdu
|
隻
|
Tonggu (Sandu)
|
個
|
Ganzhou (Panlong)
|
個
|
Dayu
|
個
|
Miaoli (N. Sixian)
|
儕
|
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
|
儕
|
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
|
儕
|
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
|
儕
|
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
|
儕
|
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
|
儕
|
Hong Kong
|
隻
|
Yangxi (Tangkou)
|
隻
|
Yangchun (Sanjia)
|
隻
|
Xinyi (Sihe)
|
隻
|
Xinyi (Qianpai)
|
隻
|
Gaozhou (Xindong)
|
隻
|
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)
|
隻
|
Huazhou (Xin'an)
|
隻
|
Lianjiang (Shijiao)
|
隻
|
Lianjiang (Qingping)
|
隻
|
Mengshan (Xihe)
|
隻
|
Luchuan
|
隻
|
Sabah (Longchuan)
|
隻
|
Senai (Huiyang)
|
隻
|
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)
|
個
|
Singkawang
|
隻
|
Huizhou
|
Jixi
|
個
|
Jin
|
Taiyuan
|
個
|
Xinzhou
|
個
|
Northern Min
|
Jian'ou
|
隻
|
Songxi
|
隻
|
Zhenghe
|
隻
|
Jianyang
|
隻
|
Wuyishan
|
隻
|
Eastern Min
|
Fuzhou
|
隻, 個
|
Fuzhou (Changle)
|
隻
|
Lianjiang
|
隻
|
Fuqing
|
隻
|
Pingtan
|
隻
|
Yongtai
|
隻
|
Minqing
|
隻, 基
|
Gutian
|
隻
|
Fu'an
|
隻
|
Ningde
|
隻
|
Xiapu
|
隻
|
Zherong
|
隻
|
Shouning
|
個
|
Zhouning
|
隻
|
Fuding
|
個
|
Southern Min
|
Xiamen
|
個
|
Xiamen (Tong'an)
|
個
|
Quanzhou
|
個
|
Jinjiang
|
個
|
Nan'an
|
個
|
Shishi
|
個
|
Hui'an
|
個
|
Anxi
|
個
|
Yongchun
|
個
|
Dehua
|
個
|
Zhangzhou
|
個, 股
|
Zhangzhou (Longhai)
|
個
|
Zhangzhou (Changtai)
|
個
|
Hua'an
|
股
|
Nanjing
|
股
|
Pinghe
|
個
|
Zhangpu
|
個
|
Yunxiao
|
個
|
Zhao'an
|
股
|
Dongshan
|
個
|
Taipei
|
個
|
New Taipei (Sanxia)
|
個
|
Kaohsiung
|
個
|
Yilan
|
個
|
Changhua (Lukang)
|
個
|
Taichung
|
個
|
Taichung (Wuqi)
|
個
|
Tainan
|
個
|
Taitung
|
個
|
Hsinchu
|
個
|
Kinmen
|
個
|
Penghu (Magong)
|
個
|
Penang (Hokkien)
|
個
|
Singapore (Hokkien)
|
個
|
Manila (Hokkien)
|
個
|
Longyan
|
個
|
Zhangping
|
個
|
Datian
|
個
|
Chaozhou
|
個
|
Shantou
|
個, 腳
|
Shantou (Chenghai)
|
個
|
Jieyang
|
個, 腳, 主
|
Haifeng
|
個
|
Bangkok (Teochew)
|
個
|
Johor Bahru (Teochew)
|
個
|
Singapore (Teochew)
|
個
|
Leizhou
|
個
|
Wenchang
|
個, 枚
|
Haikou
|
個, 枚
|
Singapore (Hainanese)
|
個
|
Puxian Min
|
Putian
|
個
|
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)
|
個
|
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)
|
個
|
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)
|
個
|
Xianyou
|
個
|
Xianyou (Fengting)
|
個
|
Xianyou (Youyang)
|
個
|
Central Min
|
Yong'an
|
隻
|
Zhongshan Min
|
Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)
|
個
|
Southern Pinghua
|
Nanning (Tingzi)
|
個
|
Shehua
|
Fu'an
|
個
|
Fuding
|
個
|
Luoyuan
|
個
|
Sanming
|
個
|
Shunchang
|
個
|
Hua'an
|
個
|
Guixi (Zhangping)
|
個
|
Cangnan
|
個
|
Jingning (Hexi)
|
個
|
Lishui
|
個
|
Longyou
|
個
|
Chaozhou
|
個
|
Fengshun
|
個
|
Wu
|
Shanghai
|
個
|
Shanghai (Chongming)
|
個
|
Suzhou
|
個
|
Danyang
|
個
|
Ningbo
|
個
|
Xiangshan
|
個
|
Wenzhou
|
個
|
Jinhua
|
個
|
Xiang
|
Changsha
|
個, 隻
|
Loudi
|
個
|
Shuangfeng
|
個
|
Compounds
- 儕儕 / 侪侪
- 兩儕 / 两侪
- 別儕 / 别侪
- 各儕 / 各侪
- 哪儕 / 哪侪
- 單儕 / 单侪
- 坐儕毋知企儕苦 / 坐侪毋知企侪苦
- 大人儕 / 大人侪
- 幾儕 / 几侪
- 打魚儕食魚屎 / 打鱼侪食鱼屎
- 每儕 / 每侪
- 老儕 / 老侪
- 老儕事 / 老侪事
- 逐儕 / 逐侪
- 釘礱無㓾雞,三儕人罅挨 / 钉砻无㓾鸡,三侪人罅挨
- 阿哥儕 / 阿哥侪
- 飯後一杯茶,餓死醫藥儕 / 饭后一杯茶,饿死医药侪
- 麼儕 / 么侪
Etymology 3
For pronunciation and definitions of 儕 – see 濟 (“(Min) many”). (This character is a variant form of 濟). |
Etymology 4
Likely a development from 全. The use of the glyph 儕/侪 (chái) was first attested in writing in the Ming Dynasty, in The Mountain Songs (山歌) by Feng Menglong as a sound-borrowing.
Alternatively, Shen (2017) posits that this sense might be a grammaticalisation of Etymology 1.
Pronunciation
Adverb
儕
- (Northern Wu) all; completely; each and every one out of a determinate quantity; always; under all circumstances
勿怪浦東咾外灘,儕老嗲個。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
勿怪浦东咾外滩,侪老嗲个。 [Shanghainese, simp.]- 8veq-kua 5phu-ton-lau 6nga-the 6ze 6lau 5tia-gheq [Wugniu]
- Be it Pudong or the Bund, they are both very pretty.
人家儕來哉。 [Suzhounese, trad.]
人家侪来哉。 [Suzhounese, simp.]- 6gnin2-ka1 2ze-le2-tse0 [Wugniu]
- Everyone's here.
2007, Xu Liejiong, “上海話「儕」與普通話「都」的異同 [Similarities between Ze (儕) in Shanghai Dialect and Dou (都) in Mandarin]”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):
大多數貓儕有綠眼睛。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
大多数猫侪有绿眼睛。 [Shanghainese, simp.]- 6da-tu-su 1mau 6ze 6yeu 8loq-nge-cin [Wugniu]
- Most cats have in common their green eyes.
1908, 土話指南, translation of 官話指南:
城裡向各店家。我儕問到個。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
城里向各店家。我侪问到个。 [Shanghainese, simp.]- Each and every shop in the city; I have asked all of them.
1949, 倪海曙 [Ni Haishu], “天浪太陽月亮 [The Sun and The Moon In the Sky]”, in 蘇州話詩經 [The Suzhounese Book of Songs], translation of 詩經 [Shījīng]:
天浪太陽月亮,年年才是一樣。 [Suzhounese, trad.]
天浪太阳月亮,年年才是一样。 [Suzhounese, simp.]- 1thie-laon6 1tha5-yan2 8ngeq-3lian6 2gnie-gnie2 2ze 6zy 7iq-3yan6 [Wugniu]
- The sun and the moon in the sky, always are the same year after year.
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of
都 (“all; both”)
[map]
Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
Classical Chinese
|
皆, 均, 俱
|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
都, 全, 皆, 均, 俱
|
Northeastern Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
都, 全
|
Taiwan
|
都
|
Malaysia
|
都
|
Singapore
|
都
|
Jilu Mandarin
|
Jinan
|
都, 全
|
Central Plains Mandarin
|
Xi'an
|
都
|
Southwestern Mandarin
|
Chengdu
|
都, 下
|
Wuhan
|
都, 下
|
Guilin
|
都
|
Jianghuai Mandarin
|
Yangzhou
|
都, 全
|
Hefei
|
都
|
Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
都
|
Hong Kong
|
都
|
Yangjiang
|
都
|
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
|
都
|
Singapore (Guangfu)
|
都
|
Gan
|
Nanchang
|
都
|
Hakka
|
Meixian
|
都
|
Wuhua (Meilin)
|
都
|
Miaoli (N. Sixian)
|
都
|
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
|
都
|
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
|
都
|
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
|
都
|
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
|
都
|
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
|
攏
|
Jin
|
Taiyuan
|
都, 全
|
Northern Min
|
Jian'ou
|
都
|
Eastern Min
|
Fuzhou
|
都
|
Southern Min
|
Xiamen
|
攏, 計, 計計
|
Xiamen (Tong'an)
|
攏
|
Quanzhou
|
攏, 計, 計計
|
Zhangzhou
|
攏, 計, 計計
|
Zhao'an
|
攏
|
Dongshan
|
攏
|
Tainan
|
攏
|
Penang (Hokkien)
|
到了
|
Singapore (Hokkien)
|
攏, 攏總, 計
|
Manila (Hokkien)
|
攏, 攏總
|
Medan (Hokkien)
|
到了
|
Chaozhou
|
攏
|
Shantou
|
攏
|
Jieyang
|
攏
|
Singapore (Teochew)
|
攏
|
Wenchang
|
都
|
Qionghai
|
攏
|
Singapore (Hainanese)
|
攏
|
Zhongshan Min
|
Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)
|
都
|
Wu
|
Shanghai
|
儕, 禿 obsolete
|
Shanghai (Songjiang)
|
儕
|
Shanghai (Chongming)
|
儕, 孩
|
Suzhou
|
儕
|
Wuxi
|
儕
|
Nantong (Haimen)
|
儕, 孩, 純, 恆, 禿
|
Tongxiang
|
儕
|
Ningbo
|
和
|
Wenzhou
|
沃
|
Lishui
|
都
|
Qingyuan
|
都
|
Xiang
|
Changsha
|
下, 都
|
Shuangfeng
|
下
|
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
儕
(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 㑪)
- fellow
- together
Readings
Korean
Hanja
儕 (eum 제 (je))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Vietnamese
Han character
儕: Hán Nôm readings: sài
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.