恆
See also: 恒
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Translingual
Han character
恆 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 心一月一 (PMBM), four-corner 91017, composition ⿰忄亙)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 383, character 25
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10528
- Dae Jaweon: page 714, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2294, character 16
- Unihan data for U+6046
Chinese
trad. | 恆/恒 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 恒 | |
alternative forms | 𢛢 𠄨 㔰 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 恆 |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡɯːŋ): semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 亙 (OC *kɯːŋs, “partial moon”).
May have originally been written 亙.
In Small Seal Script, the 月 in 亙 was written 舟.
Etymology 1
Unclear; this word resembles 更 (OC *kraːŋs) "change", Proto-Vietic *k-raːŋʔ (“month”), Pearic ka:ŋ ~ kɔ:ŋ ("moon") and is possibly related to 姮 (OC *gə̂ŋ) in 姮娥 (OC *gə̂ŋ-ŋâi) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): hang4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hèn
- Northern Min (KCR): ǎing
- Eastern Min (BUC): hèng
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: héng
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: héng
- Wade–Giles: hêng2
- Yale: héng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: herng
- Palladius: хэн (xɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xɤŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: hang4
- Yale: hàhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: hang4
- Guangdong Romanization: heng4
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɐŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hèn
- Hakka Romanization System: henˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: hen2
- Sinological IPA: /hen¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǎing
- Sinological IPA (key): /aiŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêng
- Tâi-lô: hîng
- Phofsit Daibuun: heeng
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ²³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ¹³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /hiɪŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hn̂g
- Tâi-lô: hn̂g
- Phofsit Daibuun: hngg
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hŋ̍²⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: hêng5 / huêng5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hêng / huêng
- Sinological IPA (key): /heŋ⁵⁵/, /hueŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Note: huêng5 - Chaoyang.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: hong
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤəŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯːŋ/
Definitions
恆
- lasting; constant
- 無恆產而有恆心者,惟士為能。若民,則無恆產,因無恆心。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
- Wú héng chǎn ér yǒu héngxīn zhě, wéi shì wéi néng. Ruò mín, zé wú héng chǎn, yīn wú héngxīn. [Pinyin]
- They are only men of education, who, without a certain livelihood, are able to maintain a fixed heart. As to the people, if they have not a certain livelihood, it follows that they will not have a fixed heart.
无恒产而有恒心者,惟士为能。若民,则无恒产,因无恒心。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
- ordinary
- 夫可規以利而可諫以言者,皆愚陋恆民之謂耳。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
- Fū kě guī yǐ lì ér kě jiàn yǐ yán zhě, jiē yúlòu héngmín zhī wèi ěr. [Pinyin]
- Those who can be persuaded by considerations of gain, and to whom remonstrances may be addressed with success, are all ignorant, low, and ordinary people.
夫可规以利而可谏以言者,皆愚陋恒民之谓耳。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
- perseverance
- (literary) often; frequently
- 32nd hexagram of the I Ching; “endurance” (䷟)
Compounds
- 伯利恆 / 伯利恒 (Bólìhéng)
- 恆久 / 恒久 (héngjiǔ)
- 恆久不渝 / 恒久不渝
- 恆例 / 恒例 (hénglì)
- 恆士 / 恒士
- 恆定 / 恒定 (héngdìng)
- 恆山 / 恒山 (Héng Shān)
- 恆常 / 恒常 (héngcháng)
- 恆心 / 恒心 (héngxīn)
- 恆情 / 恒情
- 恆星 / 恒星 (héngxīng)
- 恆春 / 恒春 (Héngchūn)
- 恆春半島 / 恒春半岛 (Héngchūn Bàndǎo)
- 恆星年 / 恒星年 (héngxīngnián)
- 恆星日 / 恒星日
- 恆星月 / 恒星月
- 恆星系 / 恒星系 (héngxīngxì)
- 恆星週期 / 恒星周期
- 恆春鎮 / 恒春镇
- 恆河 / 恒河 (Héng Hé)
- 恆河平原 / 恒河平原
- 恆河沙 / 恒河沙 (hénghéshā)
- 恆河沙數 / 恒河沙数 (hénghéshāshù)
- 恆溫 / 恒温 (héngwēn)
- 恆溫動物 / 恒温动物 (héngwēn dòngwù)
- 恆溫層 / 恒温层
- 恆產 / 恒产 (héngchǎn)
- 恆等式 / 恒等式 (héngděngshì)
- 恆若不足 / 恒若不足
- 恆言 / 恒言 (héngyán)
- 恆言錄 / 恒言录
- 恆量 / 恒量
- 恆風 / 恒风
- 恆齒 / 恒齿 (héngchǐ)
- 持之以恆 / 持之以恒 (chízhīyǐhéng)
- 日升月恆 / 日升月恒 (rìshēngyuèhéng)
- 日月升恆 / 日月升恒 (rìyuèshēnghéng)
- 有恆 / 有恒 (yǒuhéng)
- 永恆 / 永恒 (yǒnghéng)
- 無恆 / 无恒
- 逾恆 / 逾恒
- 酣歌恆舞 / 酣歌恒舞
- 醒世恆言 / 醒世恒言 (Xǐngshì Héngyán)
Descendants
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: gèng
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gèng
- Wade–Giles: kêng4
- Yale: gèng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: genq
- Palladius: гэн (gɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɤŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
恆
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, of the moon) to wax
- 如月之恆,如日之升。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Rú yuè zhī héng, rú rì zhī shēng. [Pinyin]
- Like the moon advancing to the full,
Like the sun ascending the heavens
如月之恒,如日之升。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to extend everywhere
Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 恆 – see 絚 (“(Hokkien) tight”). (This character is a variant form of 絚). |
Japanese
恒 | |
恆 |
Kanji
恆
(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 恒)
Readings
- Go-on: ごう (gō)
- Kan-on: こう (kō)
- Kun: つね (tsune, 恆)
- Nanori: わたる (wataru)、のぶ (nobu)、ひさ (hisa)、ひさし (hisashi)
Korean
Hanja
恆 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang, Yale hang)
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Vietnamese
Han character
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