諫

See also: 諌 and 谏

諫	U+8AEB, 諫 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AEB

← 諪
[U+8AEA]

CJK Unified Ideographs

諬 →
[U+8AEC]

Translingual

Traditional	諫
Shinjitai (extended)	諌
Simplified	谏

Han character

諫 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜口木田火 (YRDWF), four-corner 0569₆, composition ⿰訁柬)

Derived characters

𫋨, 𠣂

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1170, character 17
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35724
Dae Jaweon: page 1636, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3995, character 9
Unihan data for U+8AEB

Chinese

trad.		諫
simp.		谏
2nd round simp.		𫍝
alternative forms		諌／𮷅

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 諫
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (柬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蘭	*ɡ·raːn
攔	*ɡ·raːn
欄	*ɡ·raːn
瀾	ɡ·raːn, ɡ·raːns
讕	ɡ·raːn, ɡ·raːnʔ, *ɡ·raːns
闌	*ɡ·raːn
韊	*ɡ·raːn
幱	*ɡ·raːn
籣	*ɡ·raːn
躝	*ɡ·raːn
爛	*ɡ·raːns
爤	*ɡ·raːns
鑭	*ɡ·raːns
糷	*ɡ·raːns
斕	*ɡ·reːn
揀	kreːnʔ, ɡ·reːns
柬	*kreːnʔ
暕	*kreːnʔ
諫	*kraːns
練	*ɡ·reːns
鍊	*ɡ·reːns
煉	*ɡ·reːns
楝	*ɡ·reːns
萰	*ɡ·reːns
堜	*ɡ·reːns
湅	*ɡ·reːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kraːns): semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 柬 (OC *kreːnʔ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiàn (jian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaan³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kàn

(Teochew, Peng'im): gang³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵ci; ⁵e

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
  - Wade–Giles: chien⁴
  - Yale: jyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
  - Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gaan³
  - Yale: gaan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaan³
  - Guangdong Romanization: gan³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːn³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàn
  - Tâi-lô: kàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kaxn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kan²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kan²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kan¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kan²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gang³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kàng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ²¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵ci; ⁵e
  - MiniDict: ci^去; e^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ji; ²e
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕi³⁴/, /e³⁴/

Middle Chinese: kaenH

Rime
Character	諫
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	刪 (69)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古晏切
Baxter	kaenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠan^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚan^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kɐn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨn^H/
Li Rong	/kan^H/
Wang Li	/kan^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kan^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaan³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤranʔ(-s)/

(Zhengzhang): /*kraːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	諫
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ kaen^H ›
Old Chinese	/kˁranʔ(-s)/ (~ kˁranʔ)
English	admonish
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	諫
Reading #	1/1
No.	6140
Phonetic component	柬
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*kraːns/

Definitions

諫

to remonstrate; to admonish

Compounds

主文譎諫 / 主文谲谏
兵諫 / 兵谏 (bīngjiàn)
切諫 / 切谏
勸諫 / 劝谏 (quànjiàn)
大諫 / 大谏
大諫章 / 大谏章
尸諫
幾諫 / 几谏
強諫 / 强谏
從諫如流 / 从谏如流
忠諫 / 忠谏
愎諫 / 愎谏
拒諫飾非 / 拒谏饰非
杜諫 / 杜谏
正言直諫 / 正言直谏
犯顏苦諫 / 犯颜苦谏
百諫圖 / 百谏图
直言極諫 / 直言极谏
直言正諫 / 直言正谏
直諫 / 直谏 (zhíjiàn)
筆諫 / 笔谏
箴諫 / 箴谏
納諫 / 纳谏
納諫如流 / 纳谏如流
苦諫 / 苦谏
規諫 / 规谏 (guījiàn)
諍諫 / 诤谏 (zhèngjiàn)
諫勸 / 谏劝
諫官 / 谏官
諫書 / 谏书
諫爭如流 / 谏争如流
諫而剖腹 / 谏而剖腹
諫臣 / 谏臣
諫草 / 谏草
諫言 / 谏言 (jiànyán)
諫訓 / 谏训 (jiànxùn)
諫諍 / 谏诤 (jiànzhèng)
諷諫 / 讽谏 (fěngjiàn)
諫議 / 谏议 (jiànyì)
諫議大夫 / 谏议大夫 (jiànyì dàfū)
諫逐客書 / 谏逐客书
諫過 / 谏过
諫阻 / 谏阻
諫院 / 谏院
諫章 / 谏章
諫鼓 / 谏鼓
譎諫 / 谲谏
進諫 / 进谏 (jìnjiàn)
飾非拒諫 / 饰非拒谏

References

“諫”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	諌
Print standard	諫

Kanji

諫

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 諌)

Readings

Go-on: けん (ken)
Kan-on: かん (kan)
Kun: いさめる (isameru, 諫める)
Nanori: いさむ (isamu)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
諫
かん Hyōgai
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 諫 (MC kaenH).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かん [káꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

Noun

諫(かん) • (kan)

admonition

Affix

諫(かん) • (kan)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

諫 (eum 간 (gan))

Vietnamese

Han character

諫: Hán Nôm readings: gián

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]