柬
See also: 東
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Translingual
Han character
柬 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木田火 (DWF), four-corner 50906, composition ⿻束丷)
Derived characters
- 堜, 媡, 徚, 揀, 湅, 楝, 煉, 暕, 㱫, 瑓, 朄, 練(𱺧), 諫(谏), 鍊(𫔀), 鰊(𬶠), 㪝, 㼑, 鶫, 萰, 闌(阑)
- 練 (Exception: All regions except Japan which contains 東 instead)
Further reading
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 520, character 19
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14655
- Dae Jaweon: page 908, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1179, character 4
- Unihan data for U+67EC
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
柬 | |
|---|---|---|
| 2nd round simp. | 𫠣 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 柬 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 蘭 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 攔 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 欄 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 瀾 | *ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːns |
| 讕 | *ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːnʔ, *ɡ·raːns |
| 闌 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 韊 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 幱 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 籣 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 躝 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 爛 | *ɡ·raːns |
| 爤 | *ɡ·raːns |
| 鑭 | *ɡ·raːns |
| 糷 | *ɡ·raːns |
| 斕 | *ɡ·reːn |
| 揀 | *kreːnʔ, *ɡ·reːns |
| 柬 | *kreːnʔ |
| 暕 | *kreːnʔ |
| 諫 | *kraːns |
| 練 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 鍊 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 煉 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 楝 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 萰 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 堜 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 湅 | *ɡ·reːns |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 束 (“tie”) + 八 (“division, individually”). Its original meaning is "to pick, to select, to choose", later written as 揀 / 拣. Perhaps, the two points/marks inside the pictogram of the tied bag (later stylized as 八) mark and emphasize the content of a bag and/or the extraction of its content. See also 東, 熏, and 鹵.
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gaan2
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): gāng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gang3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5ci
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: jiǎn
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎn
- Wade–Giles: chien3
- Yale: jyǎn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jean
- Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gaan2
- Yale: gáan
- Cantonese Pinyin: gaan2
- Guangdong Romanization: gan2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaːn³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kián
- Hakka Romanization System: gianˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gian3
- Sinological IPA: /ki̯an³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: gienˊ
- Sinological IPA: /kien²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gang3
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gâng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gang3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaŋ³³²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kán
- Tâi-lô: kán
- Phofsit Daibuun: karn
- IPA (Xiamen): /kan⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kan⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kan⁵³/
- IPA (Taipei): /kan⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kan⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gang2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: káng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaŋ⁵²/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: keanX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤr[a]nʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kreːnʔ/
Definitions
柬
- (obsolete) alternative form of 揀 / 拣 (jiǎn, “to pick; to select”)
- (obsolete) alternative form of 簡 / 简 (jiǎn)
- letter; note; invitation
- short for 柬埔寨 (Jiǎnpǔzhài, “Cambodia”)
Compounds
References
- 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “柬”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 104.
Japanese
See also 柬する
Kanji
柬
Readings
- Go-on: けん (ken)
- Kan-on: かん (kan)
- Kun: えらぶ (erabu, 柬ぶ)、えりわける (eriwakeru, 柬る)、てがみ (tegami, 柬)、なふだ (nafuda, 柬)
Compounds
References
- ^ “柬”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
Korean
Hanja
柬 • (gan) (hangeul 간)
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Vietnamese
Han character
柬: Hán Nôm readings: giản
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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