Translingual
Han character
鍊 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+9, 17 strokes, cangjie input 金木田火 (CDWF), four-corner 85196, composition ⿰釒柬)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1313, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40602
- Dae Jaweon: page 1814, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4228, character 14
- Unihan data for U+934A
Chinese
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (
柬)
(Zhengzhang, 2003)
|
|
Old Chinese
|
| 蘭
|
*ɡ·raːn
|
| 攔
|
*ɡ·raːn
|
| 欄
|
*ɡ·raːn
|
| 瀾
|
*ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːns
|
| 讕
|
*ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːnʔ, *ɡ·raːns
|
| 闌
|
*ɡ·raːn
|
| 韊
|
*ɡ·raːn
|
| 幱
|
*ɡ·raːn
|
| 籣
|
*ɡ·raːn
|
| 躝
|
*ɡ·raːn
|
| 爛
|
*ɡ·raːns
|
| 爤
|
*ɡ·raːns
|
| 鑭
|
*ɡ·raːns
|
| 糷
|
*ɡ·raːns
|
| 斕
|
*ɡ·reːn
|
| 揀
|
*kreːnʔ, *ɡ·reːns
|
| 柬
|
*kreːnʔ
|
| 暕
|
*kreːnʔ
|
| 諫
|
*kraːns
|
| 練
|
*ɡ·reːns
|
| 鍊
|
*ɡ·reːns
|
| 煉
|
*ɡ·reːns
|
| 楝
|
*ɡ·reːns
|
| 萰
|
*ɡ·reːns
|
| 堜
|
*ɡ·reːns
|
| 湅
|
*ɡ·reːns
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡ·reːns): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 柬 (OC *kreːnʔ).
Etymology 1
| trad.
|
鍊
|
| simp.
|
炼*
|
| nonstandard simp.
|
𫔀
|
| alternative forms
|
煉／炼 especially for figurative meanings
錬
|
Pronunciation
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
|
| Character
|
鍊
|
| Reading #
|
1/1
|
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
|
liàn
|
Middle
Chinese
|
‹ lenH ›
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*[r]ˁen-s/
|
| English
|
refine (metal)
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
| Character
|
鍊
|
| Reading #
|
1/1
|
| No.
|
6142
|
Phonetic
component
|
柬
|
Rime
group
|
元
|
Rime
subdivision
|
2
|
Corresponding
MC rime
|
練
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*ɡ·reːns/
|
Definitions
鍊
- to smelt; to refine
- (figurative) to measure (one's words); to polish (one's wording)
- (figurative) to temper; to steel; to cultivate
- a surname
Compounds
- 九煉成鋼 / 九炼成钢
- 修煉 / 修炼 (xiūliàn)
- 冶煉 / 冶炼 (yěliàn)
- 凝煉 / 凝炼 (níngliàn)
- 千錘百鍊 / 千锤百炼 (qiānchuíbǎiliàn)
- 土法煉鋼 / 土法炼钢 (tǔfǎ liàngāng)
- 拉鍊 / 拉炼 (lāliàn)
- 提煉 / 提炼 (tíliàn)
- 搏煉 / 搏炼
- 搏砂煉汞 / 搏砂炼汞
- 摶砂煉汞 / 抟砂炼汞
- 日鍛月煉 / 日锻月炼
- 月鍛季煉 / 月锻季炼
- 洗鍊 / 洗炼 (xǐliàn)
- 淬鍊 / 淬炼 (cuìliàn)
- 炮煉 / 炮炼
- 煉丹 / 炼丹 (liàndān)
- 煉丹術 / 炼丹术 (liàndānshù)
- 煉乳 / 炼乳 (liànrǔ)
- 煉山 / 炼山
- 煉油 / 炼油
- 煉油廠 / 炼油厂 (liànyóuchǎng)
- 煉焦 / 炼焦
- 煉焦爐 / 炼焦炉
- 煉獄 / 炼狱 (liànyù)
- 煉石補天 / 炼石补天
- 煉製 / 炼制
- 煉銅 / 炼铜 (liàntóng)
- 煉鋼 / 炼钢 (liàngāng)
- 煉鋼廠 / 炼钢厂
- 煉鐵 / 炼铁 (liàntiě)
- 煉鐵爐 / 炼铁炉
- 熬煉 / 熬炼
- 燒丹鍊汞 / 烧丹炼汞
- 燒煉 / 烧炼
- 百鍊之鋼 / 百炼之钢
- 百鍊剛 / 百炼刚
- 百鍊成鋼 / 百炼成钢 (bǎiliànchénggāng)
- 百鍊金 / 百炼金
- 百鍊鋼 / 百炼钢
- 百鍊鐵 / 百炼铁
- 磨煉 / 磨炼 (móliàn)
- 磨鍊 / 磨炼 (móliàn)
- 精煉 / 精炼 (jīngliàn)
- 精金百煉 / 精金百炼
- 精鍊 / 精炼 (jīngliàn)
- 細鍊 / 细炼
- 肘手鍊足 / 肘手炼足
- 錘鍊 / 锤炼 (chuíliàn)
- 鍊丹 / 炼丹 (liàndān)
- 鍊冶 / 炼冶
- 鍊句 / 炼句
- 鍊子 / 炼子 (liànzi)
- 鍊字 / 炼字
- 鍊師 / 炼师
- 鍊度 / 炼度
- 鍊形 / 炼形
- 鍊氣 / 炼气
- 鍊氣士 / 炼气士
- 鍊石補天 / 炼石补天
- 鍊貧 / 炼贫
- 鍊金 / 炼金
- 鍊金術 / 炼金术 (liànjīnshù)
- 鍛鍊 / 锻炼 (duànliàn)
- 鐵鍊 / 铁炼 (tiěliàn)
- 闖鍊 / 闯炼
- 陳鍊 / 陈炼
Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 鍊 – see 鏈 (“chain; wire; cable; chain; shack; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 鏈). |
Japanese
Kanji
鍊
(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 錬)
- to smelt (metals)
- to forge
- to refine
Readings
Korean
Hanja
鍊 (eumhun 불릴 련 (bullil ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 불릴 연 (bullil yeon))
- hanja form? of 련/연 (“smelt metals, forge”)
- hanja form? of 련/연 (“refine”)
Compounds
- 단련 (鍛鍊, dallyeon)
- 훈련 (訓鍊, hullyeon)
Vietnamese
Han character
鍊: Hán Nôm readings: luyện, rèn, rén
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.