穀

穀 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+10 in Chinese, 禾+9 in Japanese, 15 strokes in Chinese, 14 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 土木竹弓水 (GDHNE), four-corner 4794₇, composition ⿰⿱⿳士冖一禾殳 (GHTK) or ⿰⿳士冖禾殳 (J))

• 瀔, 𭬨, 𦾫/𧂣, 𥵠, 𣫉, 𩁡, 𪇗, 𣫪

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 858, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25221
• Dae Jaweon: page 1283, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2164, character 11
• Unihan data for U+7A40

• Unihan data for U+FA54

• Unihan data for U+2F959

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kloːɡ): semantic 禾 (“grain”) + phonetic 𣪊.

From Austroasiatic or an area word (Schuessler, 2007); compare:

• Proto-Vietic *r-koːʔ (“husked rice”), Khmu [script needed] (rŋkoʔ, “husked rice”)
• Jingpho n-gu (n³³ ku³³, “rice (uncooked)”) (from Austroasiatic)
• Proto-Tai *C̬.qawꟲ (“rice”) (borrowed from Austroasiatic, whence Thai ข้าว (kâao, “rice”))
• Burmese ကောက် (kauk, “rice; paddy”) (supported by Hill, 2019)

STEDT compares this to provisional Proto-Tibeto-Burman *kuk (“rice, grain (crop)”).

穀

1. corn; grain; cereal

   五穀／五谷  ―  wǔgǔ  ―  Five Grains

   • 歲凶，年穀不登，君膳不祭肺，馬不食穀。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
     岁凶，年谷不登，君膳不祭肺，马不食谷。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Suì xiōng, nián gǔ bùdēng, jūn shàn bù jì fèi, mǎ bù shí gǔ. [Pinyin]

     In bad years, when the grain of the season is not coming to maturity, the ruler at his meals will not make the (usual) offering of the lungs, nor will his horses be fed on grain.

2. foxtail millet (Setaria italica, the plant or the unhulled grain)
3. (literary) salary of an official
4. (literary) to rear; to bring up
5. (literary) to live

   • 穀則異室，死則同穴。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     谷则异室，死则同穴。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Gǔ zé yì shì, sǐ zé tóng xué. [Pinyin]

     While living, we may have to occupy different apartments;
     But when dead, we shall share the same grave.

6. (regional) paddy; unhulled rice
7. (regional) rice plant
8. (literary) good; fine

   • 穀旦于差，南方之原。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Gǔdàn yú chāi, nánfāng zhī yuán. [Pinyin]

     A good morning having been chosen,
     For the plain in the South.

9. a surname

In 现代汉语词典 (7th edition), the simplified form of 穀 when used as "good; fine", "salary of an official" and a surname, and the simplified form of 穀梁 (Gǔliáng), are themselves.

• “穀”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 穀)

1. grain

• Go-on: こく (koku, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: こく (koku, Jōyō)
• Kun: いきる (ikiru, 穀きる)^{←いく (iku, 穀く, historical)}、たなつもの (tanatsumono, 穀)、やしなう (yashinau, 穀う)^{←やしなふ (yasinafu, 穀ふ, historical)}、よい (yoi, 穀い)
• Nanori: よし (yoshi)、より (yori)

From Middle Chinese 穀 (MC kuwk).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ko̞k̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [곡]

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [nu]
• Phonetic hangul: [누]

穀 (eumhun 곡식 곡 (goksik gok))
穀 (eumhun 어린아이 누 (eorinai nu))

1. hanja form^? of 곡 (“grain”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

穀: Hán Nôm readings: cốc

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.