穀雨

See also: 谷雨

Chinese

		grain; corn	rain
trad. (穀雨)		穀	雨
simp. (谷雨)		谷	雨

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): Gǔyǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ ㄩˇ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): Gu² yu³
Cantonese (Jyutping): guk¹ jyu⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): 'guh⁶ y³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): Kuk-yí

(Hailu, HRS): gug rhi^ˊ

(Meixian, Guangdong): gug⁵ yi³
Jin (Wiktionary): gueh⁴ y²
Northern Min (KCR): Gŭ-ṳ̀
Eastern Min (BUC): Gók^→Gúk-ṳ̄
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gorh⁶ y³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): Kok-ú / Kok-í

(Teochew, Peng'im): gog⁴ u²
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁷koq-yu₆ / ⁷koq-⁰yu₆
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gu⁶ y³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Gǔyǔ [Phonetic: gúyǔ]
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ ㄩˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Gǔyǔ
  - Wade–Giles: Ku³-yü³
  - Yale: Gǔ-yǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Guuyeu
  - Palladius: Гуюй (Gujuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: Gu² yu³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: Guy
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku²¹ y⁵³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: guk¹ jyu⁵
  - Yale: gūk yúh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: guk⁷ jy⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: gug¹ yu⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊk̚⁵ jyː¹³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: 'guh⁶ y³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˈkuʔ⁵ y²¹³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Kuk-yí
  - Hakka Romanization System: gug^ˋ i^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gug⁵ yi³
  - Sinological IPA: /kuk̚² i³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Kuk-yí
  - Hakka Romanization System: gug^ˋ (r)i^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gug⁵ yi³
  - Sinological IPA: /kuk̚² (j)i³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: gug rhi^ˊ
  - Sinological IPA: /kuk⁵⁻² ʒi²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: gug⁵ yi³
  - Sinological IPA: /kʊk̚¹ i³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: gueh⁴ y²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /kuəʔ²⁻⁴⁵ y⁵³/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: Gŭ-ṳ̀
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku²⁴ y⁴²/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Gók^→Gúk-ṳ̄
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ y³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gorh⁶ y³ [Phonetic: gorh⁷ y³]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: go̤h-ṳ̂
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɒʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ y⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gorh⁶ y³ [Phonetic: gorh⁷ y³]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɒʔ²⁻⁴ y³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kok-ú
  - Tâi-lô: Kok-ú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kok'uo
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ u⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ u⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ u⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kok-í
  - Tâi-lô: Kok-í
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kok'ie
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ i⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gog⁴ u²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kok ú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kok̚²⁻⁴ u⁵²⁻²¹/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁷koq-yu₆
  - MiniDict: koh^入 yu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴koq-hhy₃
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /koʔ³³ ɦy⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁷koq-⁰yu₆
  - MiniDict: koh^入 yu^去
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /koʔ⁴⁴ ɦy/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: gu⁶ y³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku²⁴ y⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: kuwk hjuX

Rime
Character	穀	雨
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	屋 (3)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	古禄切	王矩切
Baxter	kuwk	hjuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuk̚/	/ɦɨo^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kuk̚/	/ɦio^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kuk̚/	/ɣio^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəwk̚/	/ɦuə̆^X/
Li Rong	/kuk̚/	/ɣio^X/
Wang Li	/kuk̚/	/ɣĭu^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kuk̚/	/i̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gu	yǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	guk¹	jyu⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤok C.ɢʷ(r)aʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kloːɡ ɢʷaʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	穀	雨
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gǔ	yǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ kuwk ›	‹ hju^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁok/	/*C.ɢʷ(r)aʔ/
English	grain	rain
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	穀	雨
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	7423	15952
Phonetic component	殻	雨
Rime group	屋	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	穀	羽
Old Chinese	/*kloːɡ/	/*ɢʷaʔ/

Proper noun

穀雨

Guyu (one of the solar terms)

Derived terms

清明穀雨，寒死虎母 / 清明谷雨，寒死虎母

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (穀雨):

→ Japanese: 穀雨(こくう) (kokuu)
→ Korean: 곡우(穀雨) (gogu)

References

“穀雨”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
“Entry #4867”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
穀	雨
こく Grade: 6	う Grade: 1
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Middle Chinese 穀雨 (MC kuwk hjuX).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こくう [kóꜜkùù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [ko̞kɯ̟ɯ̟]

Proper noun

穀(こく)雨(う) • (Kokuu)

the sixth solar term

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
穀	雨

Noun

穀雨 • (gogu) (hangeul 곡우)

hanja form^? of 곡우

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
穀	雨

Proper noun

穀雨

chữ Hán form of Cốc vũ (“lit. "grain rain"; one of the solar terms”)