清明
Chinese
clear; distinct; complete clear; distinct; complete; pure |
clear; bright; to understand clear; bright; to understand; next; the Ming dynasty | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (清明) | 清 | 明 | |
| simp. #(清明) | 清 | 明 | |
| anagram | 明清 | ||
Etymology
From 清 (OC *sʰleŋ, “clear; pure”) + 明 (OC *mraŋ, “bright”). Attested in Shijing ("(of governance) to be methodical, orderly"), Xunzi ("(of water) clear and bright"), Classic of Rites ("sober, calm"; "(of voice) clear"), Lost Book of Zhou ("(the date of) Qingming, from brightness, clearness of the scenery"), Guoyu ("southeasterly winds").
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): cing1 ming4
- Hakka
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cing1 ming2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 1chin-min6 / 1chin-min2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: qīngmíng
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄥ ㄇㄧㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cingmíng
- Wade–Giles: chʻing1-ming2
- Yale: chīng-míng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chingming
- Palladius: цинмин (cinmin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: qin1 min2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kinmin
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ min²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: cing1 ming4
- Yale: chīng mìhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsing1 ming4
- Guangdong Romanization: qing1 ming4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhîn-mìn
- Hakka Romanization System: qinˊ minˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: qin1 min2
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰin²⁴ min¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: cinˋ min
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰin⁵³ min⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: cing1 ming2 [Phonetic: cing5 ming2]
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ching-míng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ miŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: cing1 ming2 [Phonetic: cing5 ming2]
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ miŋ²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chheng-bêng
- Tâi-lô: tshing-bîng
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhengbeeng
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ biɪŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: cêng1 mêng5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsheng mêng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ meŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: tshjeng mjaeng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tsʰeŋ mraŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sʰleŋ mraŋ/
Adjective
清明
- clear and bright
- sober and calm; (of a patient's mind) clear
- (of a government or administration) well-ordered
- peaceful (times)
Synonyms
- (well-ordered): (literary) 道明 (dàomíng)
Derived terms
- 清明河 (Qīngmínghé)
- 神志清明
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): cing1 ming4-2 / cing1 ming4
- Gan (Wiktionary): qin1 min
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): qing1 ming1
- Northern Min (KCR): Chéng-mêng
- Eastern Min (BUC): Chĭng-mìng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cia1 mia2 / ciann1 mia2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 1chin-min6 / 1chin-min2
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): cin1 min2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: Qīngmíng
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄥ ㄇㄧㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Cingmíng
- Wade–Giles: Chʻing1-ming2
- Yale: Chīng-míng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Chingming
- Palladius: Цинмин (Cinmin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: Qin1 min2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: Kinmin
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ min²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: cing1 ming4-2 / cing1 ming4
- Yale: chīng míng / chīng mìhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsing1 ming4-2 / tsing1 ming4
- Guangdong Romanization: qing1 ming4-2 / qing1 ming4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹⁻³⁵/, /t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Chhiâng-miàng / Chhîn-mìn
- Hakka Romanization System: qiangˊ miangˇ / qinˊ minˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: qiang1 miang2 / qin1 min2
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴ mi̯aŋ¹¹/, /t͡sʰin²⁴ min¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: ciangˋ miang
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰiaŋ⁵³ miaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: qin1 min2
- Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴⁻³⁵ min¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: Chéng-mêng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰeiŋ⁵⁴ meiŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: cia1 mia2 [Phonetic: cia5 mia2]
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: chiaⁿ-miá
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰia⁵³³⁻¹¹ mia¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ciann1 mia2 [Phonetic: ciann5 mia2]
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰĩã⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ mia²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chhiⁿ-miâ
- Tâi-lô: Tshinn-miâ
- Phofsit Daibuun: chvimiaa
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ miã²⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen, Kinmen): /t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² miã²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines, Lukang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chhuiⁿ-miâ
- Tâi-lô: Tshuinn-miâ
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhvuimiaa
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Lukang): /t͡sʰuĩ³³ miã²⁴/
- IPA (Philippines): /t͡sʰuĩ³³ mia²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chheⁿ-miâ
- Tâi-lô: Tshenn-miâ
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhvemiaa
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴⁻²² miã¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Kaohsiung, Yilan, Tainan, Taichung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chheng-bêng
- Tâi-lô: Tshing-bîng
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhengbeeng
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Yilan, Tainan): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
Note:
- Chhiⁿ-miâ/Chhuiⁿ-miâ/Chheⁿ-miâ - vernacular;
- Chheng-bêng - literary.
- Middle Chinese: tshjeng mjaeng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tsʰeŋ mraŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sʰleŋ mraŋ/
Proper noun
清明
- Qingming (fifth of the 24 solar terms in the Chinese calendar, occurring from April 4 or 5 to 18 or 19)
- (～節) Tomb Sweeping Day (annual Chinese festival observed on the first day of Qingming)
- (～村) Qingming (a village in Wanquan, Honghu, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)
Synonyms
- (Tomb Sweeping Day): 清明節／清明节 (Qīngmíngjié), 掃墳節／扫坟节 (Sǎofénjié); 掃墓節／扫墓节 (Sǎomùjié); (Hokkien) 三日節／三日节, 三月節／三月节
Derived terms
Descendants
Sino-Xenic (清明):
- → Japanese: 清明 (Seimei)
- → Okinawan: 清明 (Shīmī)
- → Korean: 청명(淸明) (Cheongmyeong)
- → Vietnamese: Thanh minh (清明)
Others:
- → Indonesian: cengbeng
- → Thai: เชงเม้ง (cheng-méng), เช็งเม้ง (cheng-méng)
- → Khmer: ឆេងម៉េង (cheengmeeng)
- → Zhuang: Cingmingz
See also
- 二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
- Spring: 立春 (Lìchūn)、雨水 (yǔshuǐ)、驚蟄／惊蛰 (Jīngzhé)、春分 (Chūnfēn)、清明 (qīngmíng)、穀雨／谷雨 (Gǔyǔ)
- Summer: 立夏 (Lìxià)、小滿／小满 (Xiǎomǎn)、芒種／芒种 (mángzhòng)、夏至 (xiàzhì)、小暑 (Xiǎoshǔ)、大暑 (Dàshǔ)
- Autumn: 立秋 (Lìqiū)、處暑／处暑 (Chǔshǔ)、白露 (báilù)、秋分 (Qiūfēn)、寒露 (Hánlù)、霜降 (Shuāngjiàng)
- Winter: 立冬 (Lìdōng)、小雪 (xiǎoxuě)、大雪 (dàxuě)、冬至 (dōngzhì)、小寒 (Xiǎohán)、大寒 (Dàhán)
References
- “清明”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
- 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “清明”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary][2] (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC
- “Entry #3339”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 清 | 明 |
| せい Grade: 4 |
めい Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 淸明 (kyūjitai) |
Pronunciation
Proper noun
清明 • (Seimei)
- Qingming ("Pure Brightness"), the fifth of the 24 solar terms in the Chinese lunisolar calendar, occurring from the 4th or 5th of April until the 18th or 19th
See also
- 二十四節気 (Nijūshi Sekki, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
- Spring: 立春 (Risshun), 雨水 (Usui), 啓蟄 (Keichitsu), 春分 (Shunbun), 清明 (Seimei), 穀雨 (Kokuu)
- Summer: 立夏 (Rikka), 小満 (Shōman), 芒種 (Bōshu), 夏至 (Geshi), 小暑 (Shōsho), 大暑 (Taisho)
- Autumn: 立秋 (Risshū), 処暑 (Shosho), 白露 (Hakuro), 秋分 (Shūbun), 寒露 (Kanro), 霜降 (Sōkō)
- Winter: 立冬 (Rittō), 小雪 (Shōsetsu), 大雪 (Taisetsu), 冬至 (Tōji), 小寒 (Shōkan), 大寒 (Daikan)
References
- ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ “清明”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
Okinawan
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 清 | 明 |
| しー Grade: 4 |
みー Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 淸明 (kyūjitai) |
Proper noun
清明 (Shīmī)
- Qingming ("Pure Brightness"), the fifth of the 24 solar terms in the Chinese lunisolar calendar, occurring from the 4th or 5th of April until the 18th or 19th
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 清 | 明 |
Proper noun
清明
- chữ Hán form of Thanh minh (“Qingming”)
See also
- Hai mươi tư tiết khí (𠄩𨒒四節氣, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
- Spring: Lập xuân (立春)、Vũ thủy (雨水)、Kinh trập (驚蟄)、Xuân phân (春分)、Thanh minh (清明)、Cốc vũ (穀雨)
- Summer: Lập hạ (立夏)、Tiểu mãn (小滿)、Mang chủng (芒種)、Hạ chí (夏至)、Tiểu thử (小暑)、Đại thử (大暑)
- Autumn: Lập thu (立秋)、Xử thử (處暑)、Bạch lộ (白露)、Thu phân (秋分)、Hàn lộ (寒露)、Sương giáng (霜降)
- Winter: Lập đông (立冬)、Tiểu tuyết (小雪)、Đại tuyết (大雪)、Đông chí (冬至)、Tiểu hàn (小寒)、Đại hàn (大寒)