春分

Chinese

		spring	divide
trad. (春分)		春	分
simp. ^#(春分)		春	分

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): Chūnfēn

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄣㄈㄣ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cun¹ fen¹
Cantonese (Jyutping): ceon¹ fan¹
Gan (Wiktionary): cun¹ 'fiin¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): Chhûn-fûn

(Hailu, HRS): chun^ˋ fun^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): cun¹ fun¹
Jin (Wiktionary): cung¹ feng¹
Northern Min (KCR): Ché̤ng-hóng
Eastern Min (BUC): Chŭng-*hŭng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cong¹ hong¹ / cuong¹ huong¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): Chhun-hun

(Teochew, Peng'im): cung¹ hung¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹tshen-fen
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): qyn¹ fen¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Chūnfēn
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄣㄈㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Chunfen
  - Wade–Giles: Chʻun¹-fên¹
  - Yale: Chwūn-fēn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Chuenfen
  - Palladius: Чуньфэнь (Čunʹfɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ fən⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: cun¹ fen¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cunfen
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuən⁵⁵ fən⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ceon¹ fan¹
  - Yale: chēun fān
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsoen¹ fan¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cên¹ fen¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵ fɐn⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    春分
    春昏
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: cun¹ 'fiin¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰun⁴² ˈfɨn⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Chhûn-fûn
  - Hakka Romanization System: cun^ˊ fun^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cun¹ fun¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun²⁴⁻¹¹ fun²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: chun^ˋ fun^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰun⁵³ fun⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: cun¹ fun¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun⁴⁴ fun⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: cung¹ feng¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰuŋ¹¹ fəŋ¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: Ché̤ng-hóng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰœyŋ⁵⁴ xɔŋ⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Chŭng-*hŭng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵ huŋ⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: cong¹ hong¹ [Phonetic: cong⁵ ngong¹]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Cheong-heong
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^(h-)ŋɔŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: cuong¹ huong¹ [Phonetic: cuong⁵ nuong¹]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuoŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^(h-)nuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chhun-hun
  - Tâi-lô: Tshun-hun
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhunhwn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻²² hun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰun³³ hun³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻²² hun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ hun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ hun⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cung¹ hung¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshung hung
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuŋ³³⁻²³ huŋ³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹tshen-fen
  - MiniDict: tshen^平 fen
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tshen-fen
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰən⁵⁵ fən²¹/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: qyn¹ fen¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰyn³³ ɸən³³/

Middle Chinese: tsyhwin pjun

Rime
Character	春	分
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	昌 (24)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	諄 (47)	文 (59)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	昌脣切	府文切
Baxter	tsyhwin	pjun
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕʰiuɪn/	/pɨun/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕʰʷin/	/piun/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕʰjuen/	/piuən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cʰwin/	/pun/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕʰiuĕn/	/piuən/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕʰĭuĕn/	/pĭuən/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕʰi̯uĕn/	/pi̯uən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chūn	fēn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ceon¹	fan¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tʰun pə[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*tʰjun pɯn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	春	分
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chūn	fēn
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyhwin ›	‹ pjun ›
Old Chinese	/*tʰun/	/*pə[n]/
English	springtime	divide
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	春	分
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	12573	3148
Phonetic component	屯	分
Rime group	文	文
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	春	分
Old Chinese	/*tʰjun/	/*pɯn/
Notes	說文從艸從日屯聲，實屯繁化轉註字

Proper noun

春分

The fourth of the twenty-four solar terms, around March 20th or 21st, which is on the spring equinox.

Coordinate terms

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
- Spring: 立春 (Lìchūn)、雨水 (yǔshuǐ)、驚蟄／惊蛰 (Jīngzhé)、春分 (Chūnfēn)、清明 (qīngmíng)、穀雨／谷雨 (Gǔyǔ)
- Summer: 立夏 (Lìxià)、小滿／小满 (Xiǎomǎn)、芒種／芒种 (mángzhòng)、夏至 (xiàzhì)、小暑 (Xiǎoshǔ)、大暑 (Dàshǔ)
- Autumn: 立秋 (Lìqiū)、處暑／处暑 (Chǔshǔ)、白露 (báilù)、秋分 (Qiūfēn)、寒露 (Hánlù)、霜降 (Shuāngjiàng)
- Winter: 立冬 (Lìdōng)、小雪 (xiǎoxuě)、大雪 (dàxuě)、冬至 (dōngzhì)、小寒 (Xiǎohán)、大寒 (Dàhán)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (春分):

→ Japanese: 春分(しゅんぶん) (Shunbun)
→ Korean: 춘분(春分) (chunbun)
→ Vietnamese: Xuân phân (春分)

References

“春分”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
“Entry #2584”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
春	分
しゅん Grade: 2	ぶん Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しゅんぶん [shùńbúń] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]
IPA^(key): [ɕɨ̃mbɯ̟̃ɴ]

Proper noun

春(しゅん)分(ぶん) • (Shunbun)

the vernal equinox
the day of the vernal equinox

Synonyms

(the day of the vernal equinox): 春(しゅん)分(ぶん)の日(ひ) (shunbun no hi)

References

^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ “春分”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

Korean

Hanja in this term
春	分

Noun

春分 • (chunbun) (hangeul 춘분)

hanja form^? of 춘분

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
春	分

Proper noun

春分

chữ Hán form of Xuân phân (“the vernal equinox, the day of the vernal equinox”)

春分

Chinese

Pronunciation

Proper noun

Coordinate terms

Descendants

References

Japanese

Pronunciation

Proper noun

Synonyms

See also

References

Korean

Noun

Vietnamese

Proper noun

See also