夏至
Chinese
| summer | extremity | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (夏至) | 夏 | 至 | |
| simp. #(夏至) | 夏 | 至 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xia4 zi4
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): ha5 zi4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): xia3 zi3
- Northern Min (KCR): hā-ci̿
- Eastern Min (BUC): hâ-cé
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ha5 zi4
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6gho-tsy
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xia5 zhr4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: xiàzhì
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄓˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: siàjhìh
- Wade–Giles: hsia4-chih4
- Yale: syà-jr̀
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiahjyh
- Palladius: сячжи (sjačži)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: xia4 zi4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xiaz
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕia²¹³ t͡sz̩²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: haa6 zi3
- Yale: hah ji
- Cantonese Pinyin: haa6 dzi3
- Guangdong Romanization: ha6 ji3
- Sinological IPA (key): /haː²² t͡siː³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ha5 zi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ha³² t͡si³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ha-chṳ
- Hakka Romanization System: ha zii
- Hagfa Pinyim: ha4 zi4
- Sinological IPA: /ha⁵⁵ t͡sɨ⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: ha˖ zhiˇ
- Sinological IPA: /ha³³ t͡ʃi¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: ha4 zi4
- Sinological IPA: /ha⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵³/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hā-ci̿
- Sinological IPA (key): /xa⁵⁵ t͡si³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ha5 zi4 [Phonetic: ha1 li4]
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hā-ci̍
- Sinological IPA (key): /ha¹¹⁻⁵⁵ (t͡s-)li⁴²/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ha5 zi4 [Phonetic: ha1 li4]
- Sinological IPA (key): /ha²¹⁻⁵⁵ (t͡s-)li⁴²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hā-chì
- Tâi-lô: hā-tsì
- Phofsit Daibuun: haxcix
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ha³³⁻²¹ t͡si²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ha⁴¹⁻²² t͡si⁴¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /ha³³⁻¹¹ t͡si¹¹/
- IPA (Xiamen): /ha²²⁻²¹ t͡si²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hē-chì
- Tâi-lô: hē-tsì
- Phofsit Daibuun: hexcix
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /he³³⁻²¹ t͡si²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /he⁴¹⁻²² t͡si⁴¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /he³³⁻¹¹ t͡si¹¹/
- IPA (Xiamen): /he²²⁻²¹ t͡si²¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hēe-chì
- Tâi-lô: hēe-tsì
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɛ²²⁻²¹ t͡si²¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: hê7 zi3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hē tsì
- Sinological IPA (key): /he¹¹ t͡si²¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Wu
- Xiang
- Middle Chinese: haeX|haeH tsyijH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤraʔ|[ɡ]ˤraʔ ti[t]-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡraːʔ|ɡraːs tjiɡs/
Noun
夏至
- summer solstice (one of the solar terms, around June 21st)
Synonyms
- 北至
- 夏節／夏节
Derived terms
Descendants
See also
- 二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
- Spring: 立春 (Lìchūn)、雨水 (yǔshuǐ)、驚蟄／惊蛰 (Jīngzhé)、春分 (Chūnfēn)、清明 (qīngmíng)、穀雨／谷雨 (Gǔyǔ)
- Summer: 立夏 (Lìxià)、小滿／小满 (Xiǎomǎn)、芒種／芒种 (mángzhòng)、夏至 (xiàzhì)、小暑 (Xiǎoshǔ)、大暑 (Dàshǔ)
- Autumn: 立秋 (Lìqiū)、處暑／处暑 (Chǔshǔ)、白露 (báilù)、秋分 (Qiūfēn)、寒露 (Hánlù)、霜降 (Shuāngjiàng)
- Winter: 立冬 (Lìdōng)、小雪 (xiǎoxuě)、大雪 (dàxuě)、冬至 (dōngzhì)、小寒 (Xiǎohán)、大寒 (Dàhán)
References
- “夏至”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
- “Entry #4867”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 夏 | 至 |
| げ Grade: 2 |
し Grade: 6 |
| goon | |
Etymology
Orthographic borrowing from Middle Chinese 夏至.
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) げし [gèshí] (Heiban – [0])[1][2][3][4]
- (Tokyo) げし [géꜜshì] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][3][4]
- (Tokyo) げし [gèshíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[2]
- IPA(key): [ɡe̞ɕi]
Noun
夏至 • (geshi)
See also
- 二十四節気 (Nijūshi Sekki, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
- Spring: 立春 (Risshun), 雨水 (Usui), 啓蟄 (Keichitsu), 春分 (Shunbun), 清明 (Seimei), 穀雨 (Kokuu)
- Summer: 立夏 (Rikka), 小満 (Shōman), 芒種 (Bōshu), 夏至 (Geshi), 小暑 (Shōsho), 大暑 (Taisho)
- Autumn: 立秋 (Risshū), 処暑 (Shosho), 白露 (Hakuro), 秋分 (Shūbun), 寒露 (Kanro), 霜降 (Sōkō)
- Winter: 立冬 (Rittō), 小雪 (Shōsetsu), 大雪 (Taisetsu), 冬至 (Tōji), 小寒 (Shōkan), 大寒 (Daikan)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 “夏至”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 夏 | 至 |
Noun
夏至 • (haji) (hangeul 하지)
- hanja form? of 하지 (“summer solstice”)
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 夏 | 至 |
Noun
夏至
- chữ Hán form of hạ chí (“summer solstice”)
See also
- Hai mươi tư tiết khí (𠄩𨒒四節氣, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
- Spring: Lập xuân (立春)、Vũ thủy (雨水)、Kinh trập (驚蟄)、Xuân phân (春分)、Thanh minh (清明)、Cốc vũ (穀雨)
- Summer: Lập hạ (立夏)、Tiểu mãn (小滿)、Mang chủng (芒種)、Hạ chí (夏至)、Tiểu thử (小暑)、Đại thử (大暑)
- Autumn: Lập thu (立秋)、Xử thử (處暑)、Bạch lộ (白露)、Thu phân (秋分)、Hàn lộ (寒露)、Sương giáng (霜降)
- Winter: Lập đông (立冬)、Tiểu tuyết (小雪)、Đại tuyết (大雪)、Đông chí (冬至)、Tiểu hàn (小寒)、Đại hàn (大寒)