人生

Chinese

man; person; people
to be born; to give birth; life
to be born; to give birth; life; to grow; student; raw
 
simp. and trad.
(人生) 		人 生
alternative forms 儂生／侬生 Teochew
anagram 生人

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 人 生 生
Reading # 1/1 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 日 (38) 生 (21) 生 (21)
Final (韻) 眞 (43) 庚 (109) 庚 (109)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open
Division (等) III II II
Fanqie 如鄰切 所庚切 所敬切
Baxter nyin sraeng sraengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ȵiɪn/ /ʃˠæŋ/ /ʃˠæŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ȵin/ /ʃᵚaŋ/ /ʃᵚaŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȵʑjen/ /ʃaŋ/ /ʃaŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ȵin/ /ʂaɨjŋ/ /ʂaɨjŋH/
Li
Rong 		/ȵiĕn/ /ʃɐŋ/ /ʃɐŋH/
Wang
Li 		/ȵʑĭĕn/ /ʃɐŋ/ /ʃɐŋH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ȵʑi̯ĕn/ /ʂɐŋ/ /ʂɐŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		rén shēng shèng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jan4 sang1 sang3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 人 生 生 生
Reading # 1/1 1/3 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		rén shēng shēng shēng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nyin › ‹ sræng › ‹ sræng › ‹ srjæng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ni[ŋ]/ /*sreŋ/ (MC srj- > sr-; or *s.reŋ ?) /*sreŋ/ /*sreŋ/ (or *s.reŋ ?)
English (other) person bear, be born; live fresh, raw bear, be born; live

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 人 生 生
Reading # 1/1 1/2 2/2
No. 10800 11312 11322
Phonetic
component 		人 生 生
Rime
group 		眞 耕 耕
Rime
subdivision 		1 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		仁 生 生
Old
Chinese 		/*njin/ /*sʰleːŋ/ /*sreŋs/

Noun

人生

  1. life (i.e. human life) (Classifier: 段 m)
    人生的真諦／人生的真谛  ―  rénshēng de zhēndì  ―  the true meaning of life
    璀璨人生  ―  cuǐcàn rénshēng  ―  splendid life
    人生道理  ―  rénshēng dàolǐ  ―  philosophies of life
    懷疑人生／怀疑人生  ―  huáiyí rénshēng  ―  to want to give up on life
    人生的十字路口  ―  rénshēng de shízìlùkǒu  ―  crossroads of life
    科學的人生態度／科学的人生态度  ―  kēxué de rénshēng tàidù  ―  scientific attitude to life
    人生嘅真諦／人生嘅真谛 [Cantonese]  ―  jan4 sang1 ge3 zan1 dai3 [Jyutping]  ―  the true meaning of life
    人生永遠沒有太晚的開始。 [MSC, trad.]
    人生永远没有太晚的开始。 [MSC, simp.]
    Rénshēng yǒngyuǎn méiyǒu tài wǎn de kāishǐ. [Pinyin]
    No beginning has ever been proved to be too late.

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (人生):
  • → Japanese: 人生(じんせい) (jinsei)
  • → Korean: 인생(人生) (insaeng)
  • → Vietnamese: nhân sinh (人生)

See also

Japanese

Kanji in this term
人 生
じん
Grade: 1 		せい
Grade: 1
on'yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 人生 (ȵiɪn ʃˠæŋ).

Pronunciation

Noun

人(じん)生(せい) • (jinsei) 

  1. life
    それが人生(じんせい)
    sore ga jinsei
    such is life
  2. Literally, person's past. Used when speaking about the former life of a dead person.

Usage notes

人生 is distinct from several other Japanese words that may also be translated to English as "life". In particular, it means "a person's narrative, experience, and/or accomplishments from birth to death". Compare the terms below, which may also be rendered as "life" in English:

  • 生活 (seikatsu, “life”): Day-to-day life as it is experienced; lifestyle; one's usual activities, habits, and routines.
  • 生存 (seizon, “life”): Action involved in staying alive, as in "signs of life".
  • 命 (inochi, “life”): The state of being alive, an animating force, or life as a whole (from birth to death).
  • 生命 (seimei, “life”): Biological life in general, particularly in scientific contexts.
  • 存在 (sonzai, “life”): Being; either the state of existing or a thing that exists.
  • 寿命 (jumyō, “life”): Lifespan or life expectancy.
  • 残機 (zanki, “life”): A video-game life; a chance to play.
  • 元気 (genki, “life”): Liveliness.

Derived terms

  • 芸術(げいじゅつ)は長(なが)く人生(じんせい)は短(みじか)し (geijutsu wa nagaku jinsei wa mijikashi, “ars longa, vita brevis”)
  • 人生意気(じんせいいき)に感(かん)ず (jinsei iki ni kanzu)
  • 人生観(じんせいかん) (jinseikan)
  • 人生訓(じんせいくん) (jinseikun)
  • 人生劇場(じんせいげきじょう) (jinsei gekijō)
  • 人生行路(じんせいこうろ) (jinsei kōro)
  • 人生行路難(じんせいこうろかた)し (jinsei kōro katashi)
  • 人生七十古来稀(じんせいしちじゅうこらいまれ)なり (jinsei shichijū korai marenari)
  • 人生朝露(じんせいちょうろ)の如(ごと)し (jinsei chōro no gotoshi)
  • 人生哲学(じんせいてつがく) (jinsei tetsugaku)
  • 人生(じんせい)のための芸術(げいじゅつ) (jinsei no tame no geijutsu)
  • 人生派(じんせいは) (jinseiha)
  • 人生模様(じんせいもよう) (jinsei moyō)
  • 人生論(じんせいろん) (jinseiron)
  • 人生僅(じんせいわず)か五十年(ごじゅうねん) (jinsei wazuka gojūnen)
  • 自然(しぜん)と人生(じんせい) (shizen to jinsei)
  • 実人生(じつじんせい) (jitsujinsei)

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
人生

Noun

人生 • (insaeng) (hangeul 인생)

  1. hanja form? of 인생 (“life”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
人生

Noun

人生

  1. chữ Hán form of nhân sinh (“life”)
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.