庚

庚	U+5E9A, 庚 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E9A

← 庙
[U+5E99]

CJK Unified Ideographs

庛 →
[U+5E9B]

Translingual

Han character

庚 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 戈中人 (ILO), four-corner 0023₇, composition ⿸广⿻コ大)

Derived characters

掶椩焿㹹㗮鶊(鹒) 菮賡(赓)
𡌻𫺝𣷄𥓷𭾿𥚏𫀻𦁶𥺧𬛇𧍁𧩉𮛭𮢘𬵛𣮣𮞨𣮒𬅪𨿶𫷵𢈰𫷯𢉼𫷻𢊪𮖒

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 344, character 22
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9278
Dae Jaweon: page 654, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 879, character 6
Unihan data for U+5E9A

Chinese

simp. and trad.		庚

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 庚
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
唐	*ɡl'aːŋ
煻	*l'aːŋ
糖	*l'aːŋ
搪	*l'aːŋ
蓎	*l'aːŋ
瑭	*l'aːŋ
餹	*l'aːŋ
篖	*l'aːŋ
螗	*l'aːŋ
塘	*l'aːŋ
鶶	*l'aːŋ
赯	*l'aːŋ
磄	*l'aːŋ
溏	*l'aːŋ
傏	*l'aːŋ
鎕	*l'aːŋ
榶	*l'aːŋ
嵣	l'aːŋʔ, l'aːŋs
庚	*kraːŋ
賡	*kraːŋ
鹒	*kraːŋ
康	*kʰlaːŋ
穅	*kʰlaːŋ
糠	*kʰlaːŋ
槺	*kʰlaːŋ
漮	*kʰlaːŋ
躿	*kʰlaːŋ
慷	*kʰlaːŋʔ

Pictogram (象形) – a flail and a threshing device. See also 康 and 唐. Unrelated to ⺕ (i.e., there is no stylized hand inside the character).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): gēng (geng¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄥ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gen¹
Cantonese (Jyutping): gang¹
Gan (Wiktionary): gien¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kâng

(Hailu, HRS): gang^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): gang¹
Jin (Wiktionary): geng¹
Eastern Min (BUC): gĕng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ga¹ / gann¹ / geng¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): keⁿ / kiⁿ / keng

(Teochew, Peng'im): gên¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹kan
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gen¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gēng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: geng
  - Wade–Giles: kêng¹
  - Yale: gēng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: geng
  - Palladius: гэн (gɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: gen¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gen
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kən⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gang¹
  - Yale: gāng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gang¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: geng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐŋ⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: gien¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiɛn⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâng
  - Hakka Romanization System: gang^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gang¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kaŋ²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: gang^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /kaŋ⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: gang¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kaŋ⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: geng¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /kəŋ¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gĕng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɛiŋ⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ga¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gaⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ka⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gann¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kã⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: geng¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: geng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɛŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: geng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɛŋ⁵⁴⁴/

Note: ga1/gann1 - vernacular, geng1 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keⁿ / kiⁿ / keng
  - Tâi-lô: kenn / kinn / keng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvef, kvy, kefng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kẽ⁴⁴/, /kĩ⁴⁴/, /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kẽ³³/, /kĩ³³/, /kiɪŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɛ̃⁴⁴/, /kĩ⁴⁴/, /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kẽ⁴⁴/, /kĩ⁴⁴/, /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kẽ⁴⁴/, /kĩ⁴⁴/, /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

Note: keⁿ, kiⁿ - vernacular, keng - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gên¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: keⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kẽ³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹kan
  - MiniDict: kan^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹kan
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kã⁵³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: gen¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kən³³/

Middle Chinese: kaeng

Rime
Character	庚
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古行切
Baxter	kaeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/kɐŋ/
Wang Li	/kɐŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gang¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤraŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kraːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	庚
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gēng
Middle Chinese	‹ kæng ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁraŋ/
English	7th heavenly stem
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	庚
Reading #	1/1
No.	3978
Phonetic component
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*kraːŋ/

Definitions

庚

age
the seventh of the ten heavenly stems
a surname

Coordinate terms

(Chinese heavenly stems) 天干 (tiāngān); 甲 (jiǎ), 乙 (yǐ), 丙 (bǐng), 丁 (dīng), 戊 (wù), 己 (jǐ), 庚 (gēng), 辛 (xīn), 壬 (rén), 癸 (guǐ) ^{(Category: zh:Chinese heavenly stems)}

Compounds

倉庚 / 仓庚 (cānggēng)
同庚 (tónggēng)
呼庚呼癸
守庚申
定庚
尊庚 (zūngēng)
年庚
庚信
庚子之役
庚子拳亂 / 庚子拳乱
庚子賠款 / 庚子赔款
庚帖 (gēngtiě)
庚癸
庚癸之呼
庚辛
庚郵 / 庚邮
武庚
貴庚 / 贵庚 (guìgēng)
長庚 / 长庚 (chánggēng)

Descendants

→ Zhuang: geng

References

“庚”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

Japanese

Kanji

庚

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: きょう (kyō)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)}
Kan-on: こう (kō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
Kun: かのえ (kanoe, 庚)
Nanori: かのえ (kanoe)、き (ki)、みち (michi)、やす (yasu)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
庚
こう Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 庚 (kæng).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こー [kóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [ko̞ː]

Homophones: 鸛, 公, 爻, 功, 巧, 甲, 交, 行, 劫, 孝, 更, 抗, 効, 幸, 侯, 紅, 香, 候, 校, 貢, 項, 項, 綱, 稿, 蝗, 蝗, 薨, 講, 恋う, 請う, 乞う, 恍, 皎, 斯う

Proper noun

庚(こう) • (Kō)

the seventh of the ten heavenly stems
Hypernyms: 天干 (tenkan), 十干 (jikkan)

Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
庚
かのえ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

金 (Ka, “Metal”, one of the Five Elements) +‎ の (no, attributive marker) +‎ 兄 (e, “elder brother”)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かのえ [kànóé] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [ka̠no̞e̞]

Proper noun

庚(かのえ) • (Kanoe)

the seventh of the ten heavenly stems
Hypernyms: 天干 (tenkan), 十干 (jikkan)

Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Korean

Hanja

庚 (eumhun 별 경 (byeol gyeong))

hanja form^? of 경 (“star”)

Vietnamese

Han character

庚: Hán Nôm readings: canh

chữ Hán form of Canh (“seventh of the ten heavenly stems”)
Hypernyms: 天干, 十干

Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Compounds

庚午 (Canh Ngọ)
庚子 (Canh Tý)
庚寅 (Canh Dần)
庚戌 (Canh Tuất)
庚申 (Canh Thân)
庚辰 (Canh Thìn)