仿效

Chinese

		to imitate; to copy	effect; efficacy; imitate
trad. (仿效/仿傚/倣效/倣傚)		仿/倣	效/傚
simp. (仿效)		仿	效
alternative forms		彷效仿効
anagram		效仿

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fǎngxiào

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄤˇ ㄒㄧㄠˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fong² haau⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hóng-hāu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fǎngxiào
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˇ ㄒㄧㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fǎngsiào
  - Wade–Giles: fang³-hsiao⁴
  - Yale: fǎng-syàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: faangshiaw
  - Palladius: фансяо (fansjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fong² haau⁶
  - Yale: fóng haauh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fong² haau⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: fong² hao⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɔːŋ³⁵ haːu̯²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóng-hāu
  - Tâi-lô: hóng-hāu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hofnghau
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hau⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hau²²/

Middle Chinese: phjangX haewH

Rime
Character	仿	效
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	陽 (106)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	II
Fanqie	妃兩切	胡敎切
Baxter	phjangX	haewH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰʉɐŋ^X/	/ɦˠau^H/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰʷiɐŋ^X/	/ɦᵚau^H/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰiuɑŋ^X/	/ɣau^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰuaŋ^X/	/ɦaɨw^H/
Li Rong	/pʰiuaŋ^X/	/ɣau^H/
Wang Li	/pʰĭwaŋ^X/	/ɣau^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pʰiwaŋ^X/	/ɣau^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fǎng	xiào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fong²	haau⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*pʰaŋʔ ɡreːws/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	效
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiào
Middle Chinese	‹ hæw^H ›
Old Chinese	/*m-[k]ˁraw-s/
English	imitate, follow
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	仿	效
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	3045	6329
Phonetic component	方	交
Rime group	陽	宵
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	髣	效
Old Chinese	/*pʰaŋʔ/	/*ɡreːws/

Verb

仿效

to imitate; to emulate
隨之仿效／随之仿效 ― suí zhī fǎngxiào ― to follow suit
to follow the example of; to take as one's model; to pattern after

Synonyms

(imitate):

仿照 (fǎngzhào)
摹寫 / 摹写 (móxiě) (a model of calligraphy, painting, etc.)
擬 / 拟 (nǐ) (literary, or in compounds)
效仿 (xiàofǎng)
模仿 (mófǎng)
模擬 / 模拟 (mónǐ)
模效 (móxiào)
臨摹 / 临摹 (línmó) (a model of calligraphy, painting, etc.)
規矩 / 规矩 (guījǔ) (literary)

(follow the example of):

仿照 (fǎngzhào)
仿行 (fǎngxíng)
取法 (qǔfǎ)
宗法 (zōngfǎ)
師匠 / 师匠 (shījiàng) (literary)
師法 / 师法 (shīfǎ) (literary)
憲法 / 宪法 (xiànfǎ) (Classical Chinese)
憲章 / 宪章 (xiànzhāng) (Classical Chinese)
效仿 (xiàofǎng)
效尤 (xiàoyóu) (literary, to mimic wrongdoing)
效法 (xiàofǎ)
模仿 (mófǎng)
模效 (móxiào)
步武 (bùwǔ) (literary)
法象 (fǎxiàng) (archaic)
視 / 视 (shì) (archaic)
範圍 / 范围 (fànwéi) (Classical Chinese)
觀象 / 观象 (guānxiàng) (literary)
遵法 (zūnfǎ) (literary)