憲法

Chinese

		statute; constitution	law
trad. (憲法)		憲	法
simp. (宪法)		宪	法

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiànfǎ

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄈㄚˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hin³ faat³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): hién-fap / hián-fap

(Hailu, HRS): hien^˖ fab

(Meixian, Guangdong): hian³ fab⁵
Northern Min (KCR): hṳ̿ing-huă
Eastern Min (BUC): hióng-huák
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hoeng⁴ hah⁶ / hyoeng⁴ hah⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hiàn-hoat

(Teochew, Peng'im): hiêng³ huab⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵shi-faq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiànfǎ
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄈㄚˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siànfǎ
  - Wade–Giles: hsien⁴-fa³
  - Yale: syàn-fǎ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiannfaa
  - Palladius: сяньфа (sjanʹfa)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hin³ faat³
  - Yale: hin faat
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hin³ faat⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: hin³ fad³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiːn³³ faːt̚³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hién-fap
  - Hakka Romanization System: hien^ˋ fab^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hian³ fab⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯en³¹ fap̚²/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hián-fap
  - Hakka Romanization System: hian^ˋ fab^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hian³ fab⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯an³¹ fap̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: hien^˖ fab
  - Sinological IPA: /hien³³ fap⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hian³ fab⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /hian³¹ fap̚¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hṳ̿ing-huă
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xyiŋ³³ xua²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hióng-huák
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyoŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ^(h-)ŋuɑʔ²⁴/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hoeng⁴ hah⁶
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: he̤̍ng-hah
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hœŋ⁴² haʔ²¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hyoeng⁴ hah⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyøŋ⁴² haʔ²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiàn-hoat
  - Tâi-lô: hiàn-huat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiernhoad
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ huat̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ huat̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ huat̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ huat̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ huat̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hiêng³ huab⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hièng huap
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hieŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ huap̚²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵shi-faq
  - MiniDict: shi^去 fah
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²xi-faq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕi³³ faʔ⁴⁴/

Noun

憲法

constitution
頒布憲法／颁布宪法 ― bānbù xiànfǎ ― to promulgate the constitution

恢復憲法秩序／恢复宪法秩序 ― huīfù xiànfǎ zhìxù ― to restore constitutional order

明治憲法／明治宪法 ― míngzhì xiànfǎ ― the Meiji Constitution

修改憲法／修改宪法 ― xiūgǎi xiànfǎ ― to change the constitution
(literary) legal code; statute

Synonyms

(constitution): 大法 (dàfǎ)
(legal code):

edit

法典 (fǎdiǎn)
法書 / 法书 (fǎshū) (literary)

Derived terms

憲法法 / 宪法法 (xiànfǎfǎ)

Descendants

→ Zhuang: yenfaz

Verb

憲法

(literary) to announce a decree
(literary) to follow the example of; to take as one's model; to pattern after; to imitate

Synonyms

(to follow the example of):

edit

仿效 (fǎngxiào)
仿照 (fǎngzhào)
仿行 (fǎngxíng)
取法 (qǔfǎ)
宗法 (zōngfǎ)
師匠 / 师匠 (shījiàng) (literary)
師法 / 师法 (shīfǎ) (literary)
憲章 / 宪章 (xiànzhāng) (Classical Chinese)
效仿 (xiàofǎng)
效尤 (xiàoyóu) (literary, to mimic wrongdoing)
效法 (xiàofǎ)
模仿 (mófǎng)
模效 (móxiào)
步武 (bùwǔ) (literary)
法象 (fǎxiàng) (archaic)
視 / 视 (shì) (archaic)
範圍 / 范围 (fànwéi) (Classical Chinese)
觀象 / 观象 (guānxiàng) (literary)
遵法 (zūnfǎ) (literary)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
憲	法
けん Grade: 6	ほう > ぽう Grade: 4
kan'on

Etymology

“constitution”: Adopted by Mitsukuri Rinsho as a translation of French constitution.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) けんぽー [kéꜜǹpòò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]^[3]^[4]
IPA^(key): [kẽ̞mpo̞ː]

(until the early modern period^[5])

IPA^(key): [kẽ̞mbo̞ː]

Adjective

憲(けん)法(ぽう) • (kenpō) ^{←けんぱふ (kenpafu)^?}-na (adnominal 憲(けん)法(ぽう)な (kenpō na), adverbial 憲(けん)法(ぽう)に (kenpō ni))

fair
Synonyms: 公正な (kōsei na), 公平な (kōhei na)

Inflection

Inflection of 憲法

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	憲法だろ	けんぽうだろ	kenpō daro
Continuative (連用形)	憲法で	けんぽうで	kenpō de
Terminal (終止形)	憲法だ	けんぽうだ	kenpō da
Attributive (連体形)	憲法な	けんぽうな	kenpō na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	憲法なら	けんぽうなら	kenpō nara
Imperative (命令形)	憲法であれ	けんぽうであれ	kenpō de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	憲法ではない憲法じゃない	けんぽうではないけんぽうじゃない	kenpō de wa nai kenpō ja nai
Informal past	憲法だった	けんぽうだった	kenpō datta
Informal negative past	憲法ではなかった憲法じゃなかった	けんぽうではなかったけんぽうじゃなかった	kenpō de wa nakatta kenpō ja nakatta
Formal	憲法です	けんぽうです	kenpō desu
Formal negative	憲法ではありません憲法じゃありません	けんぽうではありませんけんぽうじゃありません	kenpō de wa arimasen kenpō ja arimasen
Formal past	憲法でした	けんぽうでした	kenpō deshita
Formal negative past	憲法ではありませんでした憲法じゃありませんでした	けんぽうではありませんでしたけんぽうじゃありませんでした	kenpō de wa arimasen deshita kenpō ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	憲法で	けんぽうで	kenpō de
Conditional	憲法なら（ば）	けんぽうなら（ば）	kenpō nara (ba)
Provisional	憲法だったら	けんぽうだったら	kenpō dattara
Volitional	憲法だろう	けんぽうだろう	kenpō darō
Adverbial	憲法に	けんぽうに	kenpō ni
Degree	憲法さ	けんぽうさ	kenpōsa

Noun

憲(けん)法(ぽう) or 憲法(けんぼう) • (kenpō or kenbō) ^{←けんぱふ (kenpafu) or けんばふ (kenbafu)^?}

constitution
Synonyms: 国憲 (kokken), 朝憲 (chōken)

ヴァイマル憲(けん)法(ぽう) ― Vaimaru Kenpō ― Weimar Constitution
(historical) rule; law
Synonyms: 掟 (okite), きまり (kimari)

十(じゅう)七(しち)条(じょう)憲(けん)法(ぽう) ― Jūshichi-jō Kenpō ― Seventeen-Article Constitution
fairness

Derived terms

憲(けん)法(ぽう)違(い)反(はん) (kenpō ihan)
憲(けん)法(ぽう)改(かい)正(せい) (kenpō kaisei)
憲(けん)法(ぽう)記(き)念(ねん)日(び) (kenpō kinenbi)
憲(けん)法(ぽう)裁(さい)判(ばん) (kenpō saiban)
旧(きゅう)憲(けん)法(ぽう) (kyū-kenpō)
協(きょう)定(てい)憲(けん)法(ぽう) (kyōtei kenpō)
協(きょう)約(やく)憲(けん)法(ぽう) (kyōyaku kenpō)
欽(きん)定(てい)憲(けん)法(ぽう) (kintei kenpō)
硬(こう)性(せい)憲(けん)法(ぽう) (kōsei kenpō)
五(ご)権(けん)憲(けん)法(ぽう) (goken kenpō)
新(しん)憲(けん)法(ぽう) (shin-kenpō)
成(せい)文(ぶん)憲(けん)法(ぽう) (seibun kenpō)
大(だい)日(にっ)本(ぽん)帝(てい)国(こく)憲(けん)法(ぽう) (Dai-Nippon Teikoku Kenpō)
帝(てい)国(こく)憲(けん)法(ぽう) (teikoku kenpō)
軟(なん)性(せい)憲(けん)法(ぽう) (nansei kenpō)
日(に)本(ほん)国(こく)憲(けん)法(ぽう) (Nihonkoku Kenpō)
不(ふ)文(ぶん)憲(けん)法(ぽう) (fubun kenpō)
平(へい)和(わ)憲(けん)法(ぽう) (heiwa kenpō)
民(みん)定(てい)憲(けん)法(ぽう) (mintei kenpō)
明(めい)治(じ)憲(けん)法(ぽう) (Meiji Kenpō)

Related terms

References

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

^ “憲法”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ “憲法”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

Korean

Hanja in this term
憲	法

Noun

憲法 • (heonbeop) (hangeul 헌법)

hanja form^? of 헌법 (“constitution”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
憲	法

Noun

憲法

chữ Hán form of hiến pháp (“constitution”)

[NKDC-1] “憲法”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[SMK5-2] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-3] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-4] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[5] “憲法”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

Chinese

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Verb

Synonyms

Japanese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Inflection

Noun

Derived terms

Related terms

See also

References

Korean

Noun

Vietnamese

Noun