公媽

Chinese

		just; honourable; public just; honourable; public; common; fair; duke; mister	mother; mama
trad. (公媽)		公	媽
simp. (公妈)		公	妈

Pronunciation

Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gorng¹ ma³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kong-má

(Teochew, Peng'im): gong¹ ma²

Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gorng¹ ma³ [Phonetic: gorng⁵ ma³]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: go̤ng-mâ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ma⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gorng¹ ma³ [Phonetic: gorng⁵ ma³]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ma³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-má
  - Tâi-lô: kong-má
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kongmar
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³ mã⁵⁵⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gong¹ ma²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kong má
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /koŋ³³⁻²³ ma⁵²/

Noun

公媽

(Puxian Min, Quanzhou, Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien) ancestor; predecessor
(Puxian Min, Quanzhou, Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien) spirit tablet; ancestral tablet (tablet with the name of an ancestor inscribed on it)
(Puxian Min, Hokkien, Teochew) grandparents

Synonyms

(ancestor):

上輩 / 上辈 (shàngbèi)
上輩子 / 上辈子 (shàngbèizi)
先人 (xiānrén)
先代 (xiāndài) (literary)
先古 (xiāngǔ) (literary)
先君 (xiānjūn) (literary)
先祖 (xiānzǔ) (literary)
先輩 / 先辈 (xiānbèi)
公婆 (Hokkien)
早勻 / 早匀 (Xiamen Hokkien)
父祖 (fùzǔ) (literary)
皇考 (huángkǎo) (archaic)
祖上 (zǔshàng)
祖先 (zǔxiān)
祖公 (Puxian Min, Hokkien)
祖公媽 / 祖公妈 (Puxian Min)
祖宗 (zǔzōng)
老祖宗
老輩 / 老辈 (lǎobèi)

(spirit tablet): 神位 (shénwèi), 神主 (shénzhǔ), 牌位 (páiwèi); (Hokkien) 公婆 (gōngpó)

Derived terms

一人一家代，公媽隨人祀 / 一人一家代，公妈随人祀
公媽厝 / 公妈厝
公媽囝 / 公妈囝
公媽墓 / 公妈墓
公媽廝𨂰 / 公妈厮𨂰
公媽熱 / 公妈热
公媽𨂰燒 / 公妈𨂰烧
公媽龕 / 公妈龛
拜公媽 / 拜公妈

References

莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “公妈”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 232.