公家

Chinese

	just; honourable; public just; honourable; public; common; fair; duke; mister	home; family; ‑ist home; family; ‑ist; ‑er; ‑ian; measure word for stores and schools
trad. (公家)	公	家
simp. ^#(公家)	公	家
anagram	家公

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gōngjiā

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥㄐㄧㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gung¹ gaa¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kûng-kâ

(Hailu, HRS): gung^ˋ ga^ˋ
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gorng¹ ga¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kong-ka / kong-kee

(Teochew, Peng'im): gong¹ gê¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gōngjiā → gōngjia (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥㄐㄧㄚ → ㄍㄨㄥ ˙ㄐㄧㄚ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gongjiå
  - Wade–Giles: kung¹-chia⁵
  - Yale: gūng-jya
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong.jia
  - Palladius: гунцзя (gunczja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/ → /kʊŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯ä²/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gung¹ gaa¹
  - Yale: gūng gā
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gung¹ gaa¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gung¹ ga¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûng-kâ
  - Hakka Romanization System: gung^ˊ ga^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gung¹ ga¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ka²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: gung^ˋ ga^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /kuŋ⁵³ ka⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gorng¹ ga¹ [Phonetic: gorng⁵ nga¹]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: go̤ng-ga
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^(k-)ŋa⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gorng¹ ga¹ [Phonetic: gorng⁵ nga¹]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^(k-)ŋa⁵⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-ka
  - Tâi-lô: kong-ka
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kongkaf
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³ ka³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-kee
  - Tâi-lô: kong-kee
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gong¹ gê¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kong ke
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /koŋ³³⁻²³ ke³³/

Adjective

公家

public

Antonyms

私家 (sījiā), 私人 (sīrén)

Noun

公家

the state
the public
imperial family
royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government

Synonyms

(royal court):

edit

上國 / 上国 (shàngguó) (as termed by vassal states)
世 (shì) (literary, or in compounds)
中國 / 中国 (zhōngguó) (archaic)
公庭 (gōngtíng)
國家 / 国家 (guójiā) (Classical Chinese)
朝廷 (cháotíng)
王室 (wángshì)
王家 (wángjiā)
王朝 (wángcháo)
皇室 (huángshì)
皇朝 (huángcháo)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (公家):

→ Japanese: 公家(くげ) (kuge); 公家(こうか) (kōka)

Pronunciation 2

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kong-ke / kong-kee

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-ke
  - Tâi-lô: kong-ke
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kongkef
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ke⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ke⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-kee
  - Tâi-lô: kong-kee
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

Verb

公家

(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to work together; to operate jointly

Adverb

公家

(Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) jointly; together
公家出 ― kongke chhut ― (everyone) pay together

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
公	家
く Grade: 2	け > げ Grade: 2
goon

Alternative spelling
公卿

/kuᵑ ke/ → /kuɡe/

From Middle Chinese 公家 (MC kuwng kae). Compare modern Mandarin 公家 (gōngjiā, “the state, the public”).

The meaning in Japanese developed from “great house, great family” to then signify “the imperial family”, then by extension the courtiers, and again the nobility.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) くげ [kùgé] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [kɯ̟ɡe̞]

Noun

公(く)家(げ) • (kuge)

the imperial court
Synonym: 朝廷 (chōtei)
the emperor and courtiers
the nobility in general
Synonyms: 公 (ōyake), 官家 (kanke)

Derived terms

公(く)家(げ)悪(あく) (kugeaku)
公(く)家(げ)荒(あ)れ (kugeare)
公(く)家(げ)華(か)族(ぞく) (kuge kazoku)
公(く)家(げ)方(がた) (kugegata)
公(く)家(げ)故(こ)実(じつ) (kuge kojitsu)
公(く)家(げ)詞(ことば) (kugekotoba)
公(く)家(げ)侍(ざむらい) (kugezamurai)
公(く)家(げ)衆(しゅう) (kugeshū)
公(く)家(げ)被(ひ)官(かん) (kuge hikan)
公(く)家(げ)屋(や)敷(しき) (kuge yashiki)
公(く)家(げ)読(よ)み (kugeyomi)
青(あお)公(く)家(げ) (aokuge)
糟(かす)公(く)家(げ) (kasukuge)
禁(きん)中(ちゅう)並(ならびに)公(く)家(げ)諸(しょ)法(はっ)度(と) (kinchū narabi ni kuge shohatto)
相馬(そうま)公(く)家(げ) (Sōma kuge)
鍋(なべ)取(と)り公(く)家(げ) (nabetori kuge)
生(なま)公(く)家(げ) (namakuge)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
公	家
こう Grade: 2	か Grade: 2
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 公家 (MC kuwng kae).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こーか [kóꜜòkà] (Atamadaka – [1])^[3]
IPA^(key): [ko̞ːka̠]

Noun

公(こう)家(か) • (kōka)

(rare) the imperial court
(rare) the emperor and courtiers

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
公	家
こう Grade: 2	け Grade: 2
kan'on	goon

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こーけ [kóꜜòkè] (Atamadaka – [1])^[3]
IPA^(key): [ko̞ːke̞]

Noun

公(こう)家(け) • (kōke)

(rare) the imperial court
(rare) the emperor and courtiers

References

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[DJR-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]