同化
Chinese
like; same; similar like; same; similar; together; alike; with |
to make into; to change into; ‑ization to make into; to change into; ‑ization; to ... ‑ize; to transform | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (同化) | 同 | 化 | |
| simp. #(同化) | 同 | 化 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): tung4 faa3
- Eastern Min (BUC): dùng-huá
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tông-hòa
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6don-ho
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin: tónghuà
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tónghuà
- Wade–Giles: tʻung2-hua4
- Yale: túng-hwà
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tornghuah
- Palladius: тунхуа (tunxua)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰʊŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/
- Homophones:
[Show/Hide] 同化
童話 / 童话
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: tung4 faa3
- Yale: tùhng fa
- Cantonese Pinyin: tung4 faa3
- Guangdong Romanization: tung4 fa3
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰʊŋ²¹ faː³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Eastern Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tông-hòa
- Tâi-lô: tông-huà
- Phofsit Daibuun: donghoax
- IPA (Xiamen): /tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hua²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hua⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ¹³⁻²² hua²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hua¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ²³⁻³³ hua²¹/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
Verb
同化
- (ergative) to make similar
- (phonology) to assimilate
Antonyms
- (antonym(s) of “to become/make similar”): 異化／异化 (yìhuà), 分化 (fēnhuà)
- (antonym(s) of “(phonology) to assimilate”): 異化／异化 (yìhuà)
Derived terms
- 同化作用 (tónghuà zuòyòng)
- 民族同化
Descendants
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 同 | 化 |
| どう Grade: 2 |
か Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi | |
Etymology
From 同 (dō, “same”) + 化 (-ka, “-ize, -ization”).
Pronunciation
Noun
同化 • (dōka)
Derived terms
Derived terms
- タンパク同化ステロイド (tanpaku dōka suteroido): anabolic steroid
- 不同化 (fudōka): nonassimilation
- 同化作用 (dōka sayō): assimilation, metabolism
- 炭酸同化作用 (tansan dōka sayō) carbon dioxide assimilation
Verb
同化する • (dōka suru) suru (stem 同化し (dōka shi), past 同化した (dōka shita))
- to assimilate
Conjugation
Conjugation of "同化する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 同化し | どうかし | dōka shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 同化し | どうかし | dōka shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 同化する | どうかする | dōka suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 同化する | どうかする | dōka suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 同化すれ | どうかすれ | dōka sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 同化せよ¹ 同化しろ² |
どうかせよ¹ どうかしろ² |
dōka seyo¹ dōka shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 同化される | どうかされる | dōka sareru | |
| Causative | 同化させる 同化さす |
どうかさせる どうかさす |
dōka saseru dōka sasu | |
| Potential | 同化できる | どうかできる | dōka dekiru | |
| Volitional | 同化しよう | どうかしよう | dōka shiyō | |
| Negative | 同化しない | どうかしない | dōka shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 同化せず | どうかせず | dōka sezu | |
| Formal | 同化します | どうかします | dōka shimasu | |
| Perfective | 同化した | どうかした | dōka shita | |
| Conjunctive | 同化して | どうかして | dōka shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 同化すれば | どうかすれば | dōka sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 同 | 化 |
Noun
同化 • (donghwa) (hangeul 동화)
- hanja form? of 동화 (“assimilation”)
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 同 | 化 |
Verb
同化
- chữ Hán form of đồng hóa (“to assimilate”)