異化
Chinese
| different; unusual; strange | to make into; to change into; ‑ization to make into; to change into; ‑ization; to ... ‑ize; to transform | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (異化) | 異 | 化 | |
| simp. (异化) | 异 | 化 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin: yìhuà
- Zhuyin: ㄧˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yìhuà
- Wade–Giles: i4-hua4
- Yale: yì-hwà
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yihhuah
- Palladius: ихуа (ixua)
- Sinological IPA (key): /i⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/
- Homophones:
[Show/Hide] 液化
異化 / 异化
逸話 / 逸话
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: ji6 faa3
- Yale: yih fa
- Cantonese Pinyin: ji6 faa3
- Guangdong Romanization: yi6 fa3
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiː²² faː³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: i6 huê3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ĭ huè
- Sinological IPA (key): /i³⁵⁻¹¹ hue²¹³/
- (Teochew)
Verb
異化
- (ergative) to make dissimilar
- (philosophy) to alienate
- 異化勞動，由於（1）使自然界，（2）使人本身，他自己的活動機能，他的生命活動同人相異化，也就使類同人相異化；對人來說，它把類生活變成維持個人生活的手段。第一，它使類生活和個人生活相異化；第二，把抽象形式的個人生活變成同樣是抽象形式和異化形式的類生活的目的。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 1844, Karl Marx, 《1844年經濟學哲學手稿·異化勞動和私有財產》 (“Estranged Labour” in Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844)
- Yìhuà láodòng, yóuyú (1) shǐ zìránjiè, (2) shǐ rén běnshēn, tā zìjǐ de huódòng jīnéng, tā de shēngmìng huódòng tóng rén xiāng yìhuà, yě jiù shǐ lèi tóng rén xiāng yìhuà; duì rén láishuō, tā bǎ lèi shēnghuó biànchéng wéichí gèrén shēnghuó de shǒuduàn. Dìyī, tā shǐ lèi shēnghuó hé gèrén shēnghuó xiāng yìhuà; dì'èr, bǎ chōuxiàng xíngshì de gèrén shēnghuó biànchéng tóngyàng shì chōuxiàng xíngshì hé yìhuà xíngshì de lèi shēnghuó de mùde. [Pinyin]
- In estranging from man (1) nature, and (2) himself, his own active functions, his life activity, estranged labor estranges the species from man. It changes for him the life of the species into a means of individual life. First it estranges the life of the species and individual life, and secondly it makes individual life in its abstract form the purpose of the life of the species, likewise in its abstract and estranged form.
异化劳动，由于（1）使自然界，（2）使人本身，他自己的活动机能，他的生命活动同人相异化，也就使类同人相异化；对人来说，它把类生活变成维持个人生活的手段。第一，它使类生活和个人生活相异化；第二，把抽象形式的个人生活变成同样是抽象形式和异化形式的类生活的目的。 [MSC, simp.]
- (phonology) to dissimilate
- (translation studies) to foreignize
Antonyms
Derived terms
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 異 | 化 |
| い Grade: 6 |
か Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
- dissimilation
- (biology) catabolism
- Synonyms: カタボリズム (kataborizumu), 異化作用 (ika sayō)
- (phonology) dissimilation
- (philosophy) alienation; Verfremdung
Antonyms
- 同化 (dōka)
Verb
異化する • (ika suru) ←いくわ (ikwa)?suru (stem 異化し (ika shi), past 異化した (ika shita))
- See above.
Conjugation
Conjugation of "異化する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 異化し | いかし | ika shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 異化し | いかし | ika shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 異化する | いかする | ika suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 異化する | いかする | ika suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 異化すれ | いかすれ | ika sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 異化せよ¹ 異化しろ² |
いかせよ¹ いかしろ² |
ika seyo¹ ika shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 異化される | いかされる | ika sareru | |
| Causative | 異化させる 異化さす |
いかさせる いかさす |
ika saseru ika sasu | |
| Potential | 異化できる | いかできる | ika dekiru | |
| Volitional | 異化しよう | いかしよう | ika shiyō | |
| Negative | 異化しない | いかしない | ika shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 異化せず | いかせず | ika sezu | |
| Formal | 異化します | いかします | ika shimasu | |
| Perfective | 異化した | いかした | ika shita | |
| Conjunctive | 異化して | いかして | ika shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 異化すれば | いかすれば | ika sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
Antonyms
- 同化 (dōka)