個人

See also: 个人

Chinese

		(a measure word); individual	man; person; people
trad. (個人)		個	人
simp. (个人)		个	人

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gèrén

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄜˋ ㄖㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): go³ jan⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ke-ngìn

(Hailu, HRS): gai^ˇ ngin
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kor⁴ zing²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kò-lîn / kò-jîn

(Teochew, Peng'im): go⁶ ring⁵ / go⁶ rêng⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵ku-gnin; ⁵ku-zen; ⁷keq-gnin

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gèrén
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄜˋ ㄖㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gèrén
  - Wade–Giles: ko⁴-jên²
  - Yale: gè-rén
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gehren
  - Palladius: гэжэнь (gɛžɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    個人 / 个人
    各人
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: go³ jan⁴
  - Yale: go yàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: go³ jan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: go³ yen⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔː³³ jɐn²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ke-ngìn
  - Hakka Romanization System: ge ngin^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ge⁴ ngin²
  - Sinological IPA: /ke⁵⁵ ŋin¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: gai^ˇ ngin
  - Sinological IPA: /kai¹¹ ŋin⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: kor⁴ zing² [Phonetic: kor⁴ ling²]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ko̤̍-cíng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɒ⁴² ^(t͡s-)liŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: kor⁴ zing² [Phonetic: kor¹ ling²]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɒ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^(t͡s-)liŋ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò-lîn
  - Tâi-lô: kò-lîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koirliin
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ko⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lin²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ko²¹⁻⁵³ lin²⁴/
  - IPA (Singapore): /ko²¹⁻⁴² lin²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ko¹¹⁻⁵³ lin²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò-jîn
  - Tâi-lô: kò-jîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koirjiin
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ko²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zin¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ zin²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: go⁶ ring⁵ / go⁶ rêng⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kŏ jîng / kŏ jêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ko³⁵⁻¹¹ d͡ziŋ⁵⁵/, /ko³⁵⁻¹¹ d͡zeŋ⁵⁵/

Note: go6 rêng5 - Jieyang.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵ku-gnin; ⁵ku-zen; ⁷keq-gnin
  - MiniDict: ku^去 nyin; ku^去 zen; keh^入 nyin
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ku-nyin; ²ku-zen; ⁴keq-nyin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ku³³ n̠ʲin⁴⁴/, /ku³³ zən⁴⁴/, /kəʔ³³ n̠ʲin⁴⁴/

Adjective

個人

(attributive) personal
個人數據／个人数据 ― gèrén shùjù ― personal data

請保管好個人物品。 [MSC, trad.]
请保管好个人物品。 [MSC, simp.]
Qǐng bǎoguǎn hǎo gèrén wùpǐn. [Pinyin]
Please do not leave your personal belongings unattended.

她總是有意無意問起他個人感情經歷。 [MSC, trad.]
她总是有意无意问起他个人感情经历。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā zǒngshì yǒuyìwúyì wèn qǐ tā gèrén gǎnqíng jīnglì. [Pinyin]
She often asks him about his past relationships in subtle ways.

Derived terms

個人主義 / 个人主义 (gèrén zhǔyì)
個人化 / 个人化 (gèrénhuà)
個人崇拜 / 个人崇拜 (gèrén chóngbài)
個人所得稅 / 个人所得税 (gèrén suǒdéshuì)
個人數碼助理 / 个人数码助理 (gèrén shùmǎ zhùlǐ)
個人照 / 个人照 (gèrénzhào)
個人英雄主義 / 个人英雄主义 (gèrén yīngxióng zhǔyì)
個人衛生 / 个人卫生 (gèrén wèishēng)

Noun

個人

individual (person)

Pronoun

個人

I; me; my; oneself; myself

Synonyms

edit

各人 (gèrén) (dialectal)
本人 (běnrén)
本身 (běnshēn) (usually of objects and concepts)
本身人 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
現人 / 现人 (Hokkien)
自個 / 自个 (zìgě) (colloquial)
自家 (zìjiā) (literary or dialectal)
自己 (zìjǐ)
自我 (zìwǒ)
自身 (zìshēn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (個人):

→ Japanese: 個(こ)人(じん) (kojin)
→ Korean: 개인(個人) (gaein)
→ Vietnamese: cá nhân (個人)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
個	人
こ Grade: 5	じん Grade: 1
tōon	kan'on

Etymology

Short for 一(いっ)個(こ)人(じん) (ikkojin) or 各(かく)個(こ)人(じん) (kakukojin), from 一(いっ)個(こ)の人(ひと) (ikko no hito), a calque of English individual.^[1]^[2]

Listed in the 1912 work 英独仏和哲学字彙 (Ei-Doku-Futsu-Wa Tetsugaku Jii, “Dictionary of English, German, and French Philosophical Terms”) as a translation of English individual.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こじん [kóꜜjìǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[3]^[4]^[1]
IPA^(key): [ko̞ʑĩɴ]

Noun

個(こ)人(じん) • (kojin) ^{←こじん (kozin)^?}

individual

Derived terms

個(こ)人(じん)営(えい)業(ぎょう) (kojin eigyō)
個(こ)人(じん)企(き)業(ぎょう) (kojin kigyō)
個(こ)人(じん)競(きょう)技(ぎ) (kojin kyōgi)
個(こ)人(じん)教(きょう)授(じゅ) (kojin kyōju)
個(こ)人(じん)空(くう)間(かん) (kojin kūkan)
個(こ)人(じん)経(けい)営(えい) (kojin keiei)
個(こ)人(じん)語(ご) (kojingo)
個(こ)人(じん)差(さ) (kojinsa)
個(こ)人(じん)再(さい)生(せい) (kojin saisei)
個(こ)人(じん)主(しゅ)義(ぎ) (kojin shugi)
個(こ)人(じん)情(じょう)報(ほう) (kojin jōhō)
個(こ)人(じん)心(しん)理(り)学(がく) (kojin shinrigaku)
個(こ)人(じん)葬(そう) (kojinsō)
個(こ)人(じん)通(つう)報(ほう) (kojin tsūhō)
個(こ)人(じん)手(て)形(がた) (kojin tegata)
個(こ)人(じん)的(てき) (kojinteki)
個(こ)人(じん)輸(ゆ)入(にゅう) (kojin yunyū)
個(こ)人(じん)倫(りん)理(り) (kojin rinri)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ “個人”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
個	人

Noun

個人 • (gaein) (hangeul 개인)

hanja form^? of 개인 (“individual”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
個	人

Adjective

個人

chữ Hán form of cá nhân (“individual, personal”)

Noun

個人

chữ Hán form of cá nhân (“individual”)

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DDJS-2] “個人”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[SMK7-4] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]