咀嚼

Chinese

		chew	to chew
simp. and trad. (咀嚼)		咀	嚼

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jǔjué

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄩˇ ㄐㄩㄝˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zeoi² zoek³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chú-chio̍k / chír-chio̍k / chó͘-chio̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): zu¹ ziag⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jǔjué
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˇ ㄐㄩㄝˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyǔjyué
  - Wade–Giles: chü³-chüeh²
  - Yale: jyǔ-jywé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeujyue
  - Palladius: цзюйцзюэ (czjujczjue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zeoi² zoek³
  - Yale: jéui jeuk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzoey² dzoek⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: zêu² zêg³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɵy̯³⁵ t͡sœːk̚³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chú-chio̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tsú-tsio̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zwciok
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chír-chio̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tsír-tsio̍k
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɔk̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chó͘-chio̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tsóo-tsio̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zofciok
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔk̚¹²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zu¹ ziag⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsu tsiak
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su³³⁻²³ t͡siak̚²/

Verb

咀嚼

to chew; to masticate
to think over; to mull over; to ponder; to ruminate
(archaic) to enunciate clearly
(archaic) to curse; to imprecate

Usage notes

In the term 咀嚼 (jǔjué), the character 嚼 (jiáo) is pronounced jué; however, when used as a character by itself (meaning "to chew"), 嚼 (jiáo) is pronounced jiáo.

Synonyms

(to chew, to think over): 咬嚼 (yǎojué)

Derived terms

咀嚼肌 (jǔjuéjī)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
咀	嚼
そ Hyōgai	しゃく Hyōgai
kan'yōon	kan'on

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) そしゃく [sòshákú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [so̞ɕa̠kɯ̟]

Noun

咀(そ)嚼(しゃく) • (soshaku)

Derived terms

咀(そ)嚼(しゃく)器(き) (soshakuki)
咀(そ)嚼(しゃく)筋(きん) (soshakukin)
咀(そ)嚼(しゃく)力(りょく) (soshakuryoku)

Verb

咀(そ)嚼(しゃく)する • (soshaku suru) transitive suru (stem 咀(そ)嚼(しゃく)し (soshaku shi), past 咀(そ)嚼(しゃく)した (soshaku shita))

(physiology) masticate
digest, understand

Conjugation

Conjugation of "咀嚼する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	咀嚼し	そしゃくし	soshaku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	咀嚼し	そしゃくし	soshaku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	咀嚼する	そしゃくする	soshaku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	咀嚼する	そしゃくする	soshaku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	咀嚼すれ	そしゃくすれ	soshaku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	咀嚼せよ¹ 咀嚼しろ²	そしゃくせよ¹ そしゃくしろ²	soshaku seyo¹ soshaku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	咀嚼される	そしゃくされる	soshaku sareru
Causative	咀嚼させる咀嚼さす	そしゃくさせるそしゃくさす	soshaku saseru soshaku sasu
Potential	咀嚼できる	そしゃくできる	soshaku dekiru
Volitional	咀嚼しよう	そしゃくしよう	soshaku shiyō
Negative	咀嚼しない	そしゃくしない	soshaku shinai
Negative continuative	咀嚼せず	そしゃくせず	soshaku sezu
Formal	咀嚼します	そしゃくします	soshaku shimasu
Perfective	咀嚼した	そしゃくした	soshaku shita
Conjunctive	咀嚼して	そしゃくして	soshaku shite
Hypothetical conditional	咀嚼すれば	そしゃくすれば	soshaku sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
咀	嚼

Noun

咀嚼 • (jeojak) (hangeul 저작)

hanja form^? of 저작 (“mastication”)

[SMK7-1] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]