嚼

嚼	U+56BC, 嚼 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-56BC

← 嚻
[U+56BB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

嚽 →
[U+56BD]

Translingual

Han character

嚼 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+18, 21 strokes, cangjie input 口月田戈 (RBWI), four-corner 6204₆, composition ⿰口爵)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 214, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4602
Dae Jaweon: page 437, character 8
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 704, character 8
Unihan data for U+56BC

Chinese

simp. and trad.		嚼
alternative forms		𪚅／𬺖噍 (ziu6) Cantonese 𡁻 (ziu6) Cantonese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (爵) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
釂	*ʔsewɢs
皭	ʔsewɢs, zewɢ
爝	ʔsewɢs, ʔsewɢ, *zewɢ
爵	*ʔsewɢ
嚼	*zewɢ
穱	*ʔsreːwɢ
灂	*zreːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zewɢ): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 爵 (OC *ʔsewɢ).

Etymology 1

Schuessler (2003) links this word with Proto-Mon-Khmer *caʔ (“to eat”). Also compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dzaʔ (“to eat”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): jiáo, jué, jiào (jiao², jue², jiao⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠˊ, ㄐㄩㄝˊ, ㄐㄧㄠˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jiao²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zoek³ / zoek⁶ / ziu⁶ / zeu⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): diak² / diau⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): qioh⁷
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chiok / chheu

(Meixian, Guangdong): jiog⁵ / qiau⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): jiau¹
Northern Min (KCR): ciŏ̤
Eastern Min (BUC): ciŏk
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chio̍h / chio̍k / chiok

(Teochew, Peng'im): ziag⁴
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁸zhiaq / ⁸ziaq / ⁸dziaq
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zio⁶ / cio⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiáo
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiáo
  - Wade–Giles: chiao²
  - Yale: jyáu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyau
  - Palladius: цзяо (czjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jué
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄝˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyué
  - Wade–Giles: chüeh²
  - Yale: jywé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyue
  - Palladius: цзюэ (czjue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiào
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiào
  - Wade–Giles: chiao⁴
  - Yale: jyàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiaw
  - Palladius: цзяо (czjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

Note:

jiáo - vernacular;
jué - literary;
jiào - only used in 倒嚼, 反嚼 or 回嚼.

(Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: jiao²
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: giao
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiau²¹/

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zoek³ / zoek⁶ / ziu⁶ / zeu⁶
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzoek⁸ / dzoek⁹ / dziu⁶ / dzeu⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sœːk̚³/, /t͡sœːk̚²/, /t͡siːu̯²²/, /t͡sɛːu̯²²/

Note:

zoek3/zoek6 - literary;
ziu6/zeu6 - vernacular (also written as 噍 or 𡁻).

(Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: diak² / diau⁵
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiak̚⁵⁵/, /tiau³²/

Note:

diak2 - literary;
diau5 - vernacular (also written as 噍).

Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: qioh⁷
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiɔʔ²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chiok / chheu
  - Hakka Romanization System: jiog^ˋ / ceu
  - Hagfa Pinyim: jiog⁵ / ceu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡si̯ok̚²/, /t͡sʰeu̯⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: jiog⁵ / qiau⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕiɔk̚¹/, /t͡ɕʰiau⁵³/

Note:

chiok/jiog5 - literary;
chheu/qiau4 - vernacular (also written as 噍).

Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: jiau¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiau¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ciŏ̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siɔ²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ciŏk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suoʔ⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chio̍h
  - Tâi-lô: tsio̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cioih
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sioʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sioʔ¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chio̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tsio̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciok
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɔk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiok
  - Tâi-lô: tsiok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciog
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siɔk̚³²/

Note:

chio̍h - vernacular;
chio̍k/chiok - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: ziag⁴
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiak
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siak̚²/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸zhiaq
  - MiniDict: zhiah^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵xxiaq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ʑiaʔ¹²/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁸ziaq
  - MiniDict: ziah^入
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ziɑʔ²³/
- (Northern: Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁸dziaq
  - MiniDict: dzieh^入
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /d͡ziɑʔ²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: zio⁶ / cio⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /t͡si̯o²⁴/, /t͡sʰi̯o⁴⁵/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡ɕi̯o²⁴/, /t͡ɕʰi̯o⁴⁵/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 嚼
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕiɑu³⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕiau²⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕiɑu⁴⁵/ /t͡ɕye⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕiɔ⁴²/ /t͡ɕyə⁴²/
	Qingdao	/t͡syə⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡syo⁴²/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕyo²⁴/
	Xining	/t͡ɕyu²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕye⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕyə⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕyɤ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕio²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕiau¹³/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕiao²¹³/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕio³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡soʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕyɐʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕiɔ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕiau¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕyʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕiɔ³¹/ ～烂 /t͡ɕiɔ⁵⁵/ 倒～
Wu	Shanghai	/ʑiaʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ziɑʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡ʑiɑʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/ja²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰiɔ²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡ɕio⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sio²⁴/ ～頭 /t͡sʰio⁵⁵/ ～不爛
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡sʰio⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰiɔʔ²/ 瞎扯
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡siok̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sœk̚³/
	Nanning	/t͡sœk̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sœk̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡siɔk̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡suoʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡siɔ²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡siak̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/t͡siɔk̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: dzjak

Rime
Character	嚼
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	藥 (107)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	在爵切
Baxter	dzjak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zɨɐk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ziɐk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ziɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zɨak̚/
Li Rong	/d͡ziak̚/
Wang Li	/d͡zĭak̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi̯ak̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jué
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zoek⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*zewɢ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	嚼
Reading #	1/1
No.	7258
Phonetic component	爵
Rime group	藥
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	皭
Old Chinese	/*zewɢ/

Definitions

嚼

(transitive) to chew; to masticate; to crunch
嚼口香糖 ― jiáo kǒuxiāngtáng ― to chew chewing gum

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 嚼 (“to chew”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		咀嚼
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	嚼
Northeastern Mandarin	Singapore	嚼
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	嚼
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	嚼
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	嚼
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	嚼
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	嚼
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	噍
Cantonese	Guangzhou	噍
	Hong Kong	噍
	Yangjiang	唵
Gan	Nanchang	噍
Hakka	Meixian	噍
Jin	Taiyuan	咬, 喃
Northern Min	Jian'ou	哺
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	嚼
Southern Min	Xiamen	哺
	Quanzhou	哺
	Jinjiang	哺
	Zhangzhou	哺
	Taipei	哺, 嗕
	Taipei (Wanhua)	哺
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	哺, 嗕
	Kaohsiung	哺
	Yilan	哺
	Changhua (Lukang)	哺
	Taichung	哺
	Taichung (Wuqi)	哺
	Tainan	哺
	Taitung	咬
	Hsinchu	哺
	Kinmen	哺
	Penghu (Magong)	哺
	Manila (Hokkien)	哺
	Chaozhou	哺
	Jieyang	哺
	Leizhou	哺
	Haikou	哺
Wu	Suzhou	嚼
Wu	Wenzhou	嚼
Xiang	Changsha	嚼, 噍
Xiang	Shuangfeng	嚼

Compounds

亂嚼舌頭 / 乱嚼舌头
倒嚼 (dǎojiào)
味同嚼蠟 / 味同嚼蜡
咀嚼 (jǔjué)
咀嚼肌 (jǔjuéjī)
咀英嚼華 / 咀英嚼华
咬嚼 (yǎojué)
咬文嚼字 (yǎowénjiáozì)
咬釘嚼鐵 / 咬钉嚼铁
嚼咬人
嚼子
嚼完鬆 / 嚼完松
嚼旃
嚼用
嚼穀 / 嚼谷
嚼舌 (jiáoshé)
嚼舌根
嚼舌頭 / 嚼舌头 (jiáo shétou)
嚼菜根
嚼蛆 (jiáoqū)
嚼蠟 / 嚼蜡
嚼裹兒 / 嚼裹儿
嚼說 / 嚼说
嚼墨噴紙 / 嚼墨喷纸
嚼齒 / 嚼齿
大吃大嚼
屠門大嚼 / 屠门大嚼
摶沙嚼蠟 / 抟沙嚼蜡
望門大嚼 / 望门大嚼
朵頤大嚼 / 朵颐大嚼
死吃死嚼
沒嚼頭 / 没嚼头
混嚼舌根
白嚼人
白嚼蛆
細嚼 / 细嚼
細嚼慢嚥 / 细嚼慢咽 (xìjiáomànyàn)
臭嚼
裂眥嚼齒 / 裂眦嚼齿

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		嚼
alternative forms		噭𥬬焦啁

Pronunciation

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chia̍uh / chhia̍uh / chiauh / chhiauh

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chia̍uh
  - Tâi-lô: tsia̍uh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciauh
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siauʔ¹²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siauʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines, dated in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhia̍uh
  - Tâi-lô: tshia̍uh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiauh
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /t͡sʰiauʔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiauʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: dated in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiauh
  - Tâi-lô: tsiauh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciauq
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siauʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: dated in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiauh
  - Tâi-lô: tshiauh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiauq
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiauʔ³²/

Definitions

嚼

(Hokkien) to chatter; to prattle; to talk incessantly (used mainly in compounds)
嚼嚼叫 [Hokkien, trad. and simp.]
chia̍uh-chia̍uh-kiò [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
to chatter without ceasing
1. (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippine and Taiwanese Hokkien) to be fond of talking; to chatter
  伊閣咧嚼。 [Hokkien, trad.]
  伊阁咧嚼。 [Hokkien, simp.]
  I koh lé chhia̍uh. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  He's chattering again.
(Taiwanese Hokkien, music, dated) paiban (played by hitting it on one's palm or knee)
(Taiwanese Hokkien, music, dated) sound of a paiban
(Taiwanese Hokkien, music, dated) to play the paiban
(Taiwanese Hokkien, dated) to jump in a bouncing way like a rabbit
一直嚼來／一直嚼来 [Taiwanese Hokkien] ― it-ti̍t chhia̍uh lâi [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to come keeping on jumping in a bouncing way

Compounds

吱吱嚼嚼
嚼仔
嚼嚼叫
嚼嚼吼
嚼嚼念
嚼嚼𥍉 / 嚼嚼𱳅
嚼嚼踊
嚼嚼霆

Related terms

喞喞啁啁
噍噍 (jiūjiū)
焦焦
鳥喙 / 鸟喙 (niǎohuì)

Japanese

Kanji

嚼

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: ざく (zaku)
Kan-on: しゃく (shaku)
Kun: かむ (kamu, 嚼む)

Korean

Hanja

嚼 • (jak) (hangeul 작, revised jak, McCune–Reischauer chak)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

嚼: Hán Nôm readings: tước

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.