壯士

Chinese

		to strengthen; strong; robust	scholar; warrior; knight
trad. (壯士)		壯	士
simp. (壮士)		壮	士

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhuàngshì

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄤˋ ㄕˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zong³ si⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chòng-sǐr / chòng-sū

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhuàngshì → zhuàngshi (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄤˋ ㄕˋ → ㄓㄨㄤˋ ˙ㄕ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhuàngshi̊h
  - Wade–Giles: chuang⁴-shih⁵
  - Yale: jwàng-shr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juanq.shyh
  - Palladius: чжуанши (čžuanši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/ → /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zong³ si⁶
  - Yale: jong sih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzong³ si⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: zong³ xi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːŋ³³ siː²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chòng-sǐr
  - Tâi-lô: tsòng-sǐr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɯ²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chòng-sū
  - Tâi-lô: tsòng-sū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zorngsu
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ su²²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ su³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ su³³/

Middle Chinese: tsrjangH dzriX

Rime
Character	壯	士
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	莊 (18)	崇 (20)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	側亮切	鉏里切
Baxter	tsrjangH	dzriX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃɨɐŋ^H/	/d͡ʒɨ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂiɐŋ^H/	/ɖ͡ʐɨ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃiɑŋ^H/	/d͡ʒie^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂɨaŋ^H/	/ɖ͡ʐɨ^X/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃiaŋ^H/	/d͡ʒiə^X/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃĭaŋ^H/	/d͡ʒĭə^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂi̯aŋ^H/	/ɖ͡ʐʱi^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhuàng	zhì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zong³	zi⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]<r>aŋ-s [m-s-]rəʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsraŋs zrɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	壯	士
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhuàng	shì
Middle Chinese	‹ tsrjang^H ›	‹ dzri^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]<r>aŋ-s/	/*[m-s-]rəʔ/
English	robust	officer; gentleman
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	壯	士
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	10307	11511
Phonetic component	爿	士
Rime group	陽	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	壯	士
Old Chinese	/*ʔsraŋs/	/*zrɯʔ/

Noun

壯士

heroic person; warrior

Synonyms

健兒 / 健儿 (jiàn'ér)
勇士 (yǒngshì)
戰士 / 战士 (zhànshì)
武人 (wǔrén)
武士 (wǔshì)
猛士 (měngshì)
虎賁 / 虎贲 (hǔbēn) (archaic)
鬥士 / 斗士 (dòushì)

Derived terms

壯士斷腕 / 壮士断腕 (zhuàngshìduànwàn)
壯士解腕 / 壮士解腕
蝮蛇螫手，壯士斷腕 / 蝮蛇螫手，壮士断腕

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (壯士):

→ Japanese: 壮(そう)士(し) (sōshi)
→ Korean: 장사(壯士) (jangsa)
→ Vietnamese: tráng sĩ (壯士)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
壯	士

Noun

壯士

chữ Hán form of tráng sĩ (“heroic person; warrior”)