天津

Chinese

		day; sky; heaven	Tianjin; ferry
simp. and trad. (天津)		天	津
Literally: “sky ford”.

Etymology

Tianjin: Disputed. The most common interpretation is that it was bestowed by the Yongle Emperor of the Ming, who crossed Tianjin's Gu River on his way south to overthrow his nephew the Jianwen Emperor, thereby calling it 天子津渡 (“The Emperor's Ford”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Tiānjīn

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢㄐㄧㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tin¹ zeon¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): Thiên-chîn

(Hailu, HRS): tien^ˋ zin^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): tiên¹ jin¹
Eastern Min (BUC): Tiĕng-cĭng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): teng¹ zing¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): Thian-chin / Thian-tin

(Teochew, Peng'im): tiêng¹ zing¹ / tiang¹ zing¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹thi-cin

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Tiānjīn
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢㄐㄧㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Tianjin
  - Wade–Giles: Tʻien¹-chin¹
  - Yale: Tyān-jīn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Tianjin
  - Palladius: Тяньцзинь (Tjanʹczinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tin¹ zeon¹
  - Yale: tīn jēun
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tin¹ dzoen¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: tin¹ zên¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sɵn⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Thiên-chîn
  - Hakka Romanization System: tien^ˊ jin^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tian¹ jin¹
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sin²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: tien^ˋ zin^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰien⁵³ t͡sin⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: tiên¹ jin¹
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰiɛn⁴⁴ t͡ɕin⁴⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Tiĕng-cĭng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰieŋ⁵⁵ ^(t͡s-)ʒiŋ⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: teng¹ zing¹ [Phonetic: teng⁵ ning¹]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Teng-cing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^(t͡s-)niŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: teng¹ zing¹ [Phonetic: teng⁵ ning¹]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^(t͡s-)niŋ⁵⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Thian-chin
  - Tâi-lô: Thian-tsin
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tiencyn
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sin⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sin⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Thian-tin
  - Tâi-lô: Thian-tin
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tiendyn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiɛn³³ tin³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: tiêng¹ zing¹ / tiang¹ zing¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thieng tsing / thiang tsing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰieŋ³³⁻²³ t͡siŋ³³/, /tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡siŋ³³/

Note:

tiêng1 zing1 - Chaozhou;
tiang1 zing1 - Shantou.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹thi-cin
  - MiniDict: thi^平 cin
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹thi-jin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tʰi⁵⁵ t͡ɕin²¹/

Middle Chinese: then tsin

Rime
Character	天	津
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	先 (85)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	他前切	將鄰切
Baxter	then	tsin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰen/	/t͡siɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰen/	/t͡sin/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɛn/	/t͡sjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰɛn/	/t͡sin/
Li Rong	/tʰen/	/t͡siĕn/
Wang Li	/tʰien/	/t͡sĭĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tʰien/	/t͡si̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tiān	jīn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tin¹	zan¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤi[n]|l̥ˤi[n] [ts]i[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*qʰl'iːn ʔslin/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	天	天	津
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tiān	xiān	jīn
Middle Chinese	‹ then ›	‹ xen ›	‹ tsin ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥ˁi[n]/	/l̥ˁi[n]/ (W dialect: l̥ˁ- > Hàn-time xˁ- > MC x-)	/*[ts]i[n]/
English	heaven	heaven	ford (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	天	津
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	12387	6725
Phonetic component	天	津
Rime group	眞	眞
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	天	津
Old Chinese	/*qʰl'iːn/	/*ʔslin/

Proper noun

天津

(～市) Tianjin (a direct-administered municipality and major city in northern China)
the Milky Way
short for 天津橋／天津桥
(Chinese astronomy) Celestial Ford (Galaxy's ferry, a bridge across the Milky Way; an asterism within the Girl constellation)
(～社區) Tianjin (a community in Yiyuan, Jiang'an district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)

Derived terms

天津冬菜 (Tiānjīn dōngcài)
天津四 (Tiānjīnsì)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
天	津
てん Grade: 1	しん Grade: S
on'yomi

Proper noun

天(てん)津(しん) • (Tenshin)

Tianjin (a direct-administered municipality and major city in northern China)

Derived terms

天津飯

Korean

Hanja in this term
天	津

Proper noun

天津 • (Cheonjin) (hangeul 천진)

hanja form^? of 천진 (“Tianjin”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
天	津

Proper noun

天津

chữ Hán form of Thiên Tân (“Tianjin (a direct-administered municipality and major city in northern China)”)