天馬

Chinese

day; sky; heaven horse; surname
trad. (天馬) 天 馬
simp. (天马) 天 马

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 天 馬
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 透 (6) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 先 (85) 麻 (98)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) IV II
Fanqie 他前切 莫下切
Baxter then maeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tʰen/ /mˠaX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tʰen/ /mᵚaX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tʰɛn/ /maX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tʰɛn/ /maɨX/
Li
Rong 		/tʰen/ /maX/
Wang
Li 		/tʰien/ /maX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tʰien/ /maX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tiān mǎ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		tin1 maa5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 天 天 馬
Reading # 1/2 2/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tiān xiān mǎ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ then › ‹ xen › ‹ mæX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥ˁi[n]/ /*l̥ˁi[n]/ (W dialect: l̥ˁ- > Hàn-time *xˁ- > MC x-) /*mˁraʔ/
English heaven heaven horse

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 天 馬
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 12387 8715
Phonetic
component 		天 馬
Rime
group 		眞 魚
Rime
subdivision 		1 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		天 馬
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰl'iːn/ /*mraːʔ/

Noun

天馬

  1. (literary, laudatory) fine horse
  2. serow (Capricornis sumatraensis)
  3. (literary, Chinese mythology) mythical horse ridden by the Celestial Emperor
  4. (literary, Chinese mythology) white dog-like beast with a black head, which flies when it sees people
  5. (literary, Chinese astronomy) a star in the Legs mansion
  6. (literary) praying mantis
  7. (literary, Greek mythology) Pegasus

Synonyms

(mantis):

Dialectal synonyms of 螳螂 (“praying mantis”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 螳蜋, 螳蠰, 蟷蜋, 蟷蠰, 䖨蜋, 莫貈, 蛑, 髦, 不過, 虰, 蝆蝆, 天馬, 齕疣, 食疣, 蚚父, 拒斧, 蜛蚥, 馬敫, 勇蟲
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 螳螂
Taxonomic name 螳螂
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 刀螂
Taiwan 螳螂
Chengde 刀螂
Chifeng 刀螂子
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 刀螂
Heihe 刀螂
Qiqihar 刀螂
Harbin 刀螂, 螳螂
Jiamusi 刀螂
Baicheng 刀螂
Changchun 刀螂
Tonghua 刀螂
Shenyang 螳螂, 刀螂
Jinzhou 螳螂, 刀螂
Singapore 螳螂
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 刀螂
Tangshan 刀螂
Cangzhou 刀螂
Baoding 刀螂
Shijiazhuang 刀螂
Lijin 刀螂
Jinan 刀螂
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 刀螂
Dandong 刀螂
Yantai 刀螂
Yantai (Muping) 刀龍
Qingdao 刀螂
Zhucheng 刀螂
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 螳螂
Lingbao 螳螂
Jining 螳螂
Wanrong 鋤田老漢
Linfen 螂蹦蹦
Shangqiu 螳螂, 砍刀
Yuanyang 螳螂, 砍刀
Zhengzhou 砍刀
Xinyang 刀龍
Baihe 螳螂
Xi'an 猴子
Baoji 砍刀
Tianshui 螳螂
Xining 螳螂
Xuzhou 砍頭螂
Fuyang 螳螂, 刀刀
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 猴子
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 螳螂
Lanzhou 螳螂
Dunhuang 猴子
Hami 螳螂
Ürümqi 刀螂, 猴子
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 螳螂, 猴子, 孫猴子
Nanchong 螳螂, 蚱蠓
Dazhou 猴三兒
Hanyuan 千蛋哥兒
Xichang 螳螂
Zigong 香猴三兒
Chongqing 猴子, 猴三兒
Wuhan 螳螂, 䗛子, 蔥擔婆
Yichang 螳螂
Xiangyang 螳螂
Tianmen 螳螂
Guiyang 螳螂
Zunyi 螳螂
Bijie 螳螂
Liping 螳螂
Zhaotong 螳螂, 鬼螞蚱
Dali 螳螂
Kunming 螳螂, 鬼螞蚱
Mengzi 大螞蚱
Guilin 螳螂
Liuzhou 螳螂, 馬螂䗧
Nanning (Wuming) 馬螂䗧
Jishou 螳螂兒
Changde 螳螂
Hanzhong 螳螂, 刀螂
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 螳螂, 刀螂
Yangzhou 刀螂, 刀螂子
Lianyungang 刀螂
Lianshui 刀螂
Nantong 啄螂
Anqing 刀螂
Wuhu 刀螂
Hefei 刀螂
Huanggang 猴子頭兒
Hong'an 螳螂, 䗛子
Cantonese Guangzhou 馬螂狂
Hong Kong 螳螂, 馬螂狂 dated
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 斬柴郎
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 羊貓哥
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 斬刀娘
Taishan 鉸剪霎
Kaiping (Chikan) 馬交螂
Dongguan 螳螂
Yunfu 馬螂狂
Yangjiang 馬騮狂
Nanning 馬螂狂
Nanning (Tanka) 馬螂狂
Wuzhou 馬螂狂
Yulin 馬螂狂
Hepu (Lianzhou) 馬螂狂
Hepu (Shatian) 馬螂狂
Beihai 馬螂狂
Beihai (Nankang) 馬螂狂
Beihai (Yingpan) 馬螂狂
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 馬螂狂
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 馬螂狂
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 馬螂狂
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 螳螂
Ipoh (Guangfu) 螳螂
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 馬螂狂
Móng Cái 馬螂狂, 狂螂
Gan Nanchang 螳螂
Lichuan 螳螂
Pingxiang 猴子
Liuyang 禾猴哩
Hakka Meixian 螳螂仔, 螳螂
Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) 老虎阿哥
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 老虎哥
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 豹虎哥
Wuhua (Huacheng) 禾擔竿, 擔竿板, 生黸刀嫲
Wuhua (Changbu) 豹虎哥
Wuhua (Mianyang) 豹虎哥
Yudu 碓雞公, 猴子
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 老虎哥, 草馬仔
Miaoli (Toufen; N. Sixian) 豹虎哥
Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) 草猴, 草馬
Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian) 螳螂
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 㧡水擔竿, 竹篙仔, 草馬仔, 竹篙鬼
Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) 草猴
Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) 調羹仔, 摳考
Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) 草猴
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 老虎哥, 挨礱披波, 草馬仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 草馬, 挨礱噓呼, 草鞋耙
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 挨礱披波, 老虎哥
Hsinchu County (Guanxi; Raoping) 老虎哥
Hsinchu County (Changgangling, Hukou; Raoping) 老虎哥
Zhubei (Liujia; Raoping) 挨礱披波, 草猴
Taoyuan (Zhiba, Zhongli; Raoping) 草猴
Taoyuan (Guoling, Zhongli; Raoping) 草猴
Taoyuan (Nanshi, Pingzhen; Raoping) 挨礱披波, 老虎哥, 大草蜢
Taoyuan (Touzhou, Xinwu; Raoping) 草馬
Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) 草馬, 老虎哥, 螳𫋐
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 草猴, 草蝦
Hong Kong 豹虎哥
Luchuan (Daqiao) 馬猴螳
Senai (Huiyang) 螳螂, 斬刀羊 dated
Huizhou Jixi 滾龍狂
Shexian 螳螂, 鐵絲蛇
Fuliang 剪頭髮個
Jin Taiyuan 扁擔婆, 吃猴蟲
Taiyuan (Jiancaoping) 吃猴蟲
Taiyuan (Jinyuan) 扁擔婆
Pingyao 扁擔, 吃猴蟲兒
Yangyuan 燒火人
Datong 螳螂兒
Xinzhou 掐猴猴蟲, 槌敲
Lüliang (Lishi) 螳螂
Changzhi 砍瓜郎
Taibus (Baochang) 簸簸箕
Linhe 簸簸箕
Jining 螳螂
Hohhot 螳螂, 扁擔
Erenhot 扁擔
Pingshan 鍘刀, 砍三刀兒
Zhangjiakou 刀螂
Handan 螳螂, 磕頭螂
Suide 螳螂
Shenmu 扁擔, 簸簸箕
Jiuxing Yumin Lanxi 蜣螂
Northern Min Jian'ou 蘆螞
Eastern Min Fuzhou 草蜢哥
Fuqing 慘蜢
Matsu 草蜢哥, 馬蟧琊啷
Southern Min Xiamen 草猴, 草衝
Quanzhou 芒螳
Shishi 螳芒
Zhangzhou 虎魯舅
Pinghe 老虎舅
Zhangpu 樹猴
Zhao'an 草猴
Zhao'an (Sidu) 草猴
Zhao'an (Tingyang, Baiyang) 草猴
Zhao'an (Wenshan, Taiping) 草馬
Taipei 草猴
New Taipei (Sanxia) 草猴
Kaohsiung 草猴
Yilan 草猴
Changhua (Lukang) 螳芒
Taichung 草猴
Taichung (Wuqi) 螳芒
Tainan 草猴
Taitung (Green Island) 螳芒
Hsinchu 草猴, 鐵頭
Pingtung (Liuqiu) 草猴
Kinmen 國舅, 樹貓
Penghu (Magong) 草猴
Penghu (Huxi) 草猴
Penghu (Jibei) 草猴
Singapore (Hokkien) 草猴, 草衝, 樹貓
Zhangping (Yongfu) 灶雞
Chaozhou 草猴
Raoping 草猴
Shantou 草猴
Shantou (Chenghai) 草猴
Jieyang 草猴
Haifeng 苦舅
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 杜猴
Singapore (Teochew) 草猴
Pontianak (Teochew) 草猴
Wenchang 擔油公, 日頭翼
Haikou 擔油公
Puxian Min Putian 草猴
Xianyou 草猴
Central Min Yong'an 螳螂
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 馬喵螂
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 馬螂䗧
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 虎頭劈
Wu Shanghai 螳螂
Shanghai (Chongming) 螳螂
Suzhou 螳螂
Danyang 蚱螂
Hangzhou 螳螂
Ningbo 斧頭蟑螂, 吃髮螂, 吃頭髮郎
Wenzhou 頭毛公公, 頭毛娘, 頭毛虎, 頭毛吊, 打刀娘, 剪裾娘, 紫金娘
Xiang Changsha 禾老蟲
Xiangtan 禾老虎
Loudi 禾老蟲
Shuangfeng 禾老蟲
Hengyang 刀螂
Quanzhou 螳螂
Xiangnan Tuhua Jiangyong 螳螂
Dong'an 螳螂
Yuebei Tuhua Shaoguan (Dacun, Baitu, Qujiang) 老虎瓜瓜
Shaoguan (Xiangyang, Xihe, Wujiang) 馬螂狂
Shaoguan (Shibei, Xinshao, Zhenjiang) 猴哥
Renhua (Shitang) 老虎哥哥
Lechang (Beixiang) 蜉螂狂
Lechang (Huangpu) 猴牯灶雞
Lechang (Guitang, Pingshi) 麥崽, 草猴
Lechang (Sanxi) 老虎灶雞

Proper noun

天馬

  1. (～街道) Tianma (a subdistrict of Changshan, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China)
  2. (～山) Tianma Hill (a hill in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)

Derived terms

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
天 馬
てん
Grade: 1 		ま
Grade: 2
on'yomi

From Chinese 天馬 / 天马 (tiānmǎ).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [tẽ̞mːa̠]

Noun

天(てん)馬(ま) • (tenma) 

  1. (Japanese mythology, fiction) Heavenly steed

Proper noun

天(てん)馬(ま) • (Tenma) 

  1. a surname
Descendants
  • English: Tenma

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
天 馬
ペガサス
Grade: 1 Grade: 2
irregular

天 (“sky”) +‎ 馬 (“horse”). From Ancient Greek Πήγασος (Pḗgasos), and associated with the term sky horse.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [pe̞ɡa̠sa̠sɨ]

Noun

天馬(ペガサス) • (pegasasu) 

  1. (mythology, fiction) pegasus, a winged horse

Proper noun

天馬(ペガサス) • (Pegasasu) 

  1. (Greek mythology) The Pegasus winged horse

Korean

Hanja in this term
天馬

Proper noun

天馬 • (Cheonma) (hangeul 천마)

  1. hanja form? of 천마

Vietnamese

Han character

天馬

  1. chữ Hán form of thiên mã
  2. chữ Hán form of Thiên Mã
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