不過
See also: 不过
Chinese
not; no | to cross; to go over; (experienced action marker) to cross; to go over; (experienced action marker); to pass; to celebrate; to live; to get along; excessively; too- | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (不過) | 不 | 過 | |
simp. (不过) | 不 | 过 | |
alternative forms | 必過/必过 Wu |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): bat1 gwo3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): beh4 gue3
- Eastern Min (BUC): bók-guó
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 7peq-ku5; 7piq-ku5 / 7piq-kou5; 7piq-1kou5
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: bùguò [Phonetic: búguò]
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˋ ㄍㄨㄛˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bùguò
- Wade–Giles: pu4-kuo4
- Yale: bù-gwò
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: buguoh
- Palladius: буго (bugo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Note: 不 may be weakened to toneless bu in constructions of ‹verb/adjective + 不過› (“not exceed or unable to exceed”).
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: bat1 gwo3
- Yale: bāt gwo
- Cantonese Pinyin: bat7 gwo3
- Guangdong Romanization: bed1 guo3
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɐt̚⁵ kʷɔː³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: put-ko
- Hakka Romanization System: budˋ go
- Hagfa Pinyim: bud5 go4
- Sinological IPA: /put̚² ko⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: bud5 guo4
- Sinological IPA: /put̚¹ kuo⁵³/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Eastern Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: put-kò
- Tâi-lô: put-kò
- Phofsit Daibuun: putkoix
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /put̚³²⁻⁴ kɤ²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /put̚³²⁻⁴ ko¹¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /put̚³²⁻⁵ ko²¹/
- IPA (Xiamen): /put̚³²⁻⁴ ko²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: put-kò͘
- Tâi-lô: put-kòo
- Phofsit Daibuun: putkox
- IPA (Quanzhou): /put̚⁵⁻²⁴ kɔ⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: bug4 guê3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: puk kuè
- Sinological IPA (key): /puk̚²⁻⁴ kue²¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
- Wugniu: 7peq-ku5; 7piq-ku5
- MiniDict: peh入 ku去; pih入 ku去
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 4peq-ku2; 4piq-ku2
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pəʔ³³ ku⁴⁴/, /piɪʔ³³ ku⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
- Wugniu: 7piq-kou5; 7piq-1kou5
- MiniDict: pih入 kou去; pih入 kou去
- Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /piɪʔ⁵⁵ kəu⁵²³/, /piɪʔ⁴⁴ kəu²³/
- (Northern: Shanghai)
Adverb
不過
Conjunction
不過
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 但是 (“but; however”) [map]
Verb
不過
- (literary) to not exceed
- 故制:國不過千乘,都城不過百雉,家富不過百乘。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Gù zhì: guó bù guò qiānshèng, dūchéng bù guò bǎizhì, jiā fù bù guò bǎishèng. [Pinyin]
- Hence it was made the rule that no state should have more than 1000 chariots, no chief city's wall more than 100 embrasures, no family, however rich, more than 100 chariots.
故制:国不过千乘,都城不过百雉,家富不过百乘。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
Derived terms
Korean
Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
不 | 過 |
Adverb
不過 • (bulgwa) (hangeul 불과)
Vietnamese
chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
不 | 過 |
Adverb
不過
- chữ Hán form of bất quá (“(colloquial and literary) if it has come to this; at this point”)
Conjunction
不過