宗教

Chinese

	school; sect; purpose school; sect; purpose; model; ancestor; family	teach; teaching; religion
trad. (宗教)	宗	教
simp. ^#(宗教)	宗	教
anagram	教宗

Etymology

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 宗(しゅう)教(きょう) (shūkyō).^[1]

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zōngjiào

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄥㄐㄧㄠˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zung¹ gaau³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chûng-kau
Eastern Min (BUC): cŭng-gáu
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chong-kàu

(Teochew, Peng'im): zong¹ ga³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹tson-ciau

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zōngjiào
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥㄐㄧㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zongjiào
  - Wade–Giles: tsung¹-chiao⁴
  - Yale: dzūng-jyàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzongjiaw
  - Palladius: цзунцзяо (czunczjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zung¹ gaau³
  - Yale: jūng gaau
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzung¹ gaau³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zung¹ gao³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kaːu̯³³/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    中校
    宗教
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chûng-kau
  - Hakka Romanization System: zung^ˊ gau
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zung¹ gau⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kau̯⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cŭng-gáu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(k-)ŋɑu²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chong-kàu
  - Tâi-lô: tsong-kàu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zongkaux
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kau²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔŋ³³ kau⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kau²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kau¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kau²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zong¹ ga³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsong kà
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡soŋ³³⁻²³ ka²¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹tson-ciau
  - MiniDict: tson^平 ciau
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tson-jiau
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡soŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɔ²¹/

Noun

宗教

religion; the sacred
信仰宗教 ― xìnyǎng zōngjiào ― to have religious faith

宗教教育 ― zōngjiào jiàoyù ― religious education

民族宗教 ― mínzú zōngjiào ― ethnoreligious

世俗和宗教之間的關係 [MSC, trad.]
世俗和宗教之间的关系 [MSC, simp.]
shìsú hé zōngjiào zhījiān de guānxì [Pinyin]
the relationship between the secular and the sacred

Synonyms

(Dungan) 教門／教门

Derived terms

天啟宗教 / 天启宗教 (tiānqǐ zōngjiào)
宗教信仰 (zōngjiào xìnyǎng)
宗教學 / 宗教学 (zōngjiàoxué)
宗教徒 (zōngjiàotú)
宗教戰爭 / 宗教战争 (zōngjiào zhànzhēng)
宗教派 (zōngjiàopài)
宗教自由 (zōngjiào zìyóu)
新興宗教 / 新兴宗教 (xīnxīng zōngjiào)
有組織宗教 / 有组织宗教 (yǒuzǔzhī zōngjiào)
無宗教 / 无宗教 (wúzōngjiào)

References

^ 汉语外来词词典 [Chinese Loanword Dictionary] (in Chinese), 1984, page 410

Japanese

Kanji in this term
宗	教
しゅう Grade: 6	きょう Grade: 2
kan'yōon	goon

Etymology

Ultimately from Middle Chinese, from the two nouns 宗 (shū, “doctrine”) + 教 (kyō, “teaching”). First attested with this straightforward meaning in a compilation of Classical Chinese-style poetry from 1403.^[1]

Repurposed near the start of the Meiji period to translate English religion, which sense is first attested in 1866.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しゅうきょー [shúꜜùkyòò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[3]^[2]
IPA^(key): [ɕɨːkʲo̞ː]

(Kyoto) しゅーきょー [shùúꜜkyòò] (Teiki)^[2]

Noun

宗(しゅう)教(きょう) • (shūkyō) ^{←しうけう (siukeu)^?}

[from 1866] religion
Synonym: 法教 (hōkyō, archaic in this sense)
[from 1403] (Buddhism) the Buddha's doctrine and teachings; the doctrine and teachings of a specific Buddhist denomination

Derived terms

無(む)宗(しゅう)教(きょう) (mushūkyō, “irreligion, no religious affiliation”)
宗(しゅう)教(きょう)学(がく) (shūkyōgaku, “religiology, religious studies”)

Related terms

教(きょう)祖(そ) (kyōso)
宗(しゅう)派(は) (shūha, “religious sect”)

Descendants

→ Chinese: 宗教 (zōngjiào)^[4]
→ Korean: 종교 (jonggyo)
→ Vietnamese: tôn giáo

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 “宗教”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 “しゅう‐きょう［‥ケウ］【宗教】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ 汉语外来词词典 [Chinese Loanword Dictionary] (in Chinese), 1984, page 410

Korean

Hanja in this term
宗	教

Noun

宗教 • (jonggyo) (hangeul 종교)

alternative form of 宗敎 (“religion”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
宗	教

Noun

宗教

chữ Hán form of tôn giáo (“religion”)

[1] 汉语外来词词典 [Chinese Loanword Dictionary] (in Chinese), 1984, page 410

[KDJc-2] 1.0 ^1.1 “宗教”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[NKD2O-3] 2.0 ^2.1 “しゅう‐きょう［‥ケウ］【宗教】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

[DJR-4] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[5] 汉语外来词词典 [Chinese Loanword Dictionary] (in Chinese), 1984, page 410

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