年齡

See also: 年龄 and 年齢

Chinese

		year	age; stage of one's life
trad. (年齡)		年	齡
simp. (年龄)		年	龄

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): niánlíng

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄢˊ ㄌㄧㄥˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nyian² nin²
Cantonese (Jyutping): nin⁴ ling⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngièn-lìn / ngiàn-lìn

(Meixian, Guangdong): ngian² lin²
Eastern Min (BUC): nièng-lìng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): liân-lêng / nî-lêng

(Teochew, Peng'im): ni⁵ lêng⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶gni-lin

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: niánlíng
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄢˊ ㄌㄧㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: niánlíng
  - Wade–Giles: nien²-ling²
  - Yale: nyán-líng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nianling
  - Palladius: няньлин (njanʹlin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni̯ɛn³⁵ liŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: nyian² nin²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: nian lin
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nʲiɛn²¹ nin²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: nin⁴ ling⁴
  - Yale: nìhn lìhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: nin⁴ ling⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: nin⁴ ling⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /niːn²¹ lɪŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngièn-lìn
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngien^ˇ lin^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngian² lin²
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯en¹¹ lin¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiàn-lìn
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngian^ˇ lin^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngian² lin²
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯an¹¹ lin¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ngian² lin²
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋian¹¹ lin¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: nièng-lìng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nˡieŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^(l-)nˡiŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liân-lêng
  - Tâi-lô: liân-lîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lienleeng
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɛn²³⁻³³ liɪŋ²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɛn¹³⁻²² liɪŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /liɛn²⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nî-lêng
  - Tâi-lô: nî-lîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: nileeng
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /nĩ²³⁻³³ liɪŋ²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /nĩ²⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ni⁵ lêng⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nî lêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni⁵⁵⁻¹¹ leŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶gni-lin
  - MiniDict: nyi^去 lin
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nyi-lin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲi²² lin⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: nen leng

Rime
Character	年	齡
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	先 (85)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	IV
Fanqie	奴顚切	郎丁切
Baxter	nen	leng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nen/	/leŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/nen/	/leŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/nɛn/	/lɛŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nɛn/	/lɛjŋ/
Li Rong	/nen/	/leŋ/
Wang Li	/nien/	/lieŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/nien/	/lieŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nián	líng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	nin⁴	ling⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*niːŋ reːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	年
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	nián
Middle Chinese	‹ nen ›
Old Chinese	/*C.nˁi[ŋ]/
English	harvest; year
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	年	齡
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	9482	8288
Phonetic component	秊	令
Rime group	眞	耕
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime		靈
Old Chinese	/*niːŋ/	/*reːŋ/
Notes	同秊

Noun

年齡

age (of a person, plant, heavenly body, etc.)
年齡分佈／年龄分布 ― niánlíng fēnbù ― age distribution

法定年齡／法定年龄 ― fǎdìng niánlíng ― legal age

年齡階段／年龄阶段 ― niánlíng jiēduàn ― stage of (a person's) life

Usage notes

年齡／年龄 (niánlíng) and 年紀／年纪 (niánjì) are different in that the former can refer to the age of a person, plant or heavenly body, while the latter can only refer to the age of a person.

Synonyms

edit

年事 (niánshì)
年歲 / 年岁 (niánsuì)
年紀 / 年纪 (niánjì)
年齒 / 年齿 (niánchǐ) (literary, of a person, in years)
歲子 / 岁子 (Hokkien)
歲數 / 岁数 (suìshu)
歲聲 / 岁声 (Hokkien, Teochew)
歲頭 / 岁头 (Hokkien)
齒髮 / 齿发 (chǐfà) (literary, humble)

Derived terms

實足年齡 / 实足年龄
年齡層 / 年龄层
年齡黨 / 年龄党 (niánlíngdǎng)
心智年齡 / 心智年龄 (xīnzhì niánlíng)
心理年齡 / 心理年龄 (xīnlǐ niánlíng)
成人年齡 / 成人年龄 (chéngrén niánlíng)
成年年齡 / 成年年龄 (chéngnián niánlíng)
智力年齡 / 智力年龄
法定年齡 / 法定年龄 (fǎdìng niánlíng)
生理年齡 / 生理年龄 (shēnglǐ niánlíng)
適婚年齡 / 适婚年龄
骨齡 / 骨龄 (gǔlíng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (年齡):

→ Japanese: 年齢(ねんれい) (nenrei)
→ Korean: 연령(年齡) (yeollyeong)

Korean

Hanja in this term
年	齡

Noun

年齡 • (yeollyeong) (hangeul 연령)

hanja form^? of 연령 (“(someone's) age”)