靈

See also: 霊 and 灵
靈 U+9748, 靈
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9748
← 靇
[U+9747] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 靉 →
[U+9749]
靈 U+F9B3, 靈
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9B3
← 零
[U+F9B2] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 領 →
[U+F9B4]

Translingual

Traditional 靈
Shinjitai 霊
Simplified 灵

Han character

靈 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+16, 24 strokes, cangjie input 一月口口人 (MBRRO) or 一月口口一 (MBRRM), four-corner 10108, composition ⿱霝巫)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1380, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42532
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1889, character 34
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4082, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+9748

Chinese

trad. 靈
simp. 灵
alternative forms
𫻝
𬰑
𫲚
𬋣
㚑
𫻝
𬰑
𫲚
𬋣
㚑
霊
霛
䨩
𠳄
𡀓
𢩙
𢩝
𤫊
𤴤
龗
𧈀
𧨈
𫕞
𩂊
𩂳
𩃏
𩆇
𩆈
𩄀
𩃗
𩃞
𩄇
𩅶
𢩙
𢩝
𢩗
𩆕
𩆜
𩆮
𩇎
 

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 靈
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (霝) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
靈 *reːŋ
霛 *reːŋ
麢 *reːŋ
霝 *reːŋ
醽 *reːŋ
櫺 *reːŋ
蘦 *reːŋ
孁 *reːŋ
龗 *reːŋ
酃 *reːŋ
爧 *reːŋ
欞 *reːŋ

Found as 𩆜 in Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *reːŋ): phonetic 霝 (OC *reːŋ) + semantic 玉 (“jade”).

The semantic component 玉 (“jade”) may be replaced with 巫 (“witch”), as in the current form, or with 心 (“heart”) or 示 (“memorial tablet”) in the ancient bronze inscription forms.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • ling4 - literary;
  • leng4 - vernacular.
Note:
  • len3 - literary;
  • liang3 - vernacular.
Rime
Character 靈
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 青 (125)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 郎丁切
Baxter leng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/leŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/leŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lɛŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lɛjŋ/
Li
Rong 		/leŋ/
Wang
Li 		/lieŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/lieŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		líng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ling4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 靈
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		líng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ leng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]ˁeŋ/
English supernatural

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 靈
Reading # 1/1
No. 8259
Phonetic
component 		霝
Rime
group 		耕
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*reːŋ/

Definitions

靈

  1. god; deity
  2. soul; spirit
  3. effective; efficacious
    呢隻藥都幾靈。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    呢只药都几灵。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ne1 zek3 joek6 dou1 gei2 leng4. [Jyutping]
    This medicine is quite effective.
  4. keen; quick
  5. nimble
  6. (Northern Wu) apt; suitable; high-quality; good
    味道靈／味道灵 [Shanghainese]  ―  6mi-dau 6lin [Wugniu]  ―  tasty (lit. taste good)
    搿物事老靈個。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
    搿物事老灵个。 [Shanghainese, simp.]
    8geq 8meq-zy 6lau 6lin-gheq [Wugniu]
    This thing is really good quality.
  7. (Northern Wu) appropriately working; appropriately functioning
  8. a surname, Ling

Synonyms

  • (effective):
Dialectal synonyms of 靈驗 (“effective; efficacious”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 靈
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 靈驗, 靈
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 靈驗
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 靈
Xi'an 靈, 靈應
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 靈, 靈光
Cantonese Guangzhou 靈擎
Hong Kong 靈, 靈擎
Taishan 靈
Dongguan 靈擎
Gan Lichuan 靈
Pingxiang 靈
Hakka Meixian 靈擎, 靈驗
Huizhou Jixi 靈, 靈光
Northern Min Jian'ou 靈感, 靈
Eastern Min Fuzhou 靈, 靈影
Southern Min Xiamen 靈聖
Quanzhou 靈聖
Zhangzhou 靈聖
Tainan 靈聖
Singapore (Hokkien) 靈
Shantou 靈驗, 靈
Leizhou 靈
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 靈
Wu Shanghai 靈, 靈光, 靈泛
Shanghai (Chongming) 靈
Suzhou 靈
Danyang 靈光
Hangzhou 靈
Ningbo 靈
Wenzhou 靈, 靈光
  • (keen):

Compounds

References

  • “靈”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “灵”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 275.

Japanese

Shinjitai

霊

Kyūjitai

靈

Kanji

靈

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 霊)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 霊: soul, spirit; ghost; mystery

Readings

  • Go-on: りょう (ryō)←りやう (ryau, historical)
  • Kan-on: れい (rei)
  • Tō-on: りん (rin)
  • Kun: すだま (sudama, 靈)、たま (tama, 靈)、ち (chi, 靈)、み (mi, 靈)

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Hanja

Wikisource

靈 (eumhun 신령 령 (sillyeong ryeong), word-initial (South Korea) 신령 영 (sillyeong yeong))

  1. hanja form? of 령/영 (“spirit, soul, deity”)

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

靈: Hán Nôm readings: linh, lanh, lẻng, leng, lênh, liêng, lình

  1. spirit, soul
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