延年益壽

Chinese

		to prolong life; to pray for a good harvest	to prolong life
trad. (延年益壽)		延年	益壽
simp. (延年益寿)		延年	益寿
anagram		益壽延年／益寿延年

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yánniányìshòu

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ ㄋㄧㄢˊ ㄧˋ ㄕㄡˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jin⁴ nin⁴ jik¹ sau⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yèn-ngièn-yit-su / yàn-ngiàn-yit-su

(Hailu, HRS): rhan ngien rhid shiu^˖

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yánniányìshòu
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ ㄋㄧㄢˊ ㄧˋ ㄕㄡˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yánniányìshòu
  - Wade–Giles: yen²-nien²-i⁴-shou⁴
  - Yale: yán-nyán-yì-shòu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yannianyihshow
  - Palladius: яньняньишоу (janʹnjanʹišou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn³⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jin⁴ nin⁴ jik¹ sau⁶
  - Yale: yìhn nìhn yīk sauh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jin⁴ nin⁴ jik⁷ sau⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: yin⁴ nin⁴ yig¹ seo⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn²¹ niːn²¹ jɪk̚⁵ sɐu̯²²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèn-ngièn-yit-su
  - Hakka Romanization System: ien^ˇ ngien^ˇ id^ˋ su
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan² ngian² yid⁵ su⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯en¹¹ ŋi̯en¹¹ it̚² su⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàn-ngiàn-yit-su
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian^ˇ ngian^ˇ (r)id^ˋ su
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan² ngian² yid⁵ su⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an¹¹ ŋi̯an¹¹ (j)it̚² su⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: rhan ngien rhid shiu^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /ʒan⁵⁵ ŋien⁵⁵ ʒit⁵⁻² ʃiu³³/

Middle Chinese: yen nen 'jiek dzyuwX|dzyuwH

Rime
Character	延	年	益	壽	壽
Reading #	1/2	1/1	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	泥 (8)	影 (34)	常 (25)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)	先 (85)	昔 (123)	尤 (136)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	IV	III	III	III
Fanqie	以然切	奴顚切	伊昔切	殖酉切	承呪切
Baxter	yen	nen	'jiek	dzyuwX	dzyuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiᴇn/	/nen/	/ʔiᴇk̚/	/d͡ʑɨu^X/	/d͡ʑɨu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɛn/	/nen/	/ʔiɛk̚/	/d͡ʑiu^X/	/d͡ʑiu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/jæn/	/nɛn/	/ʔiæk̚/	/d͡ʑiəu^X/	/d͡ʑiəu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jian/	/nɛn/	/ʔiajk̚/	/d͡ʑuw^X/	/d͡ʑuw^H/
Li Rong	/iɛn/	/nen/	/ʔiɛk̚/	/ʑiu^X/	/ʑiu^H/
Wang Li	/jĭɛn/	/nien/	/ĭɛk̚/	/ʑĭəu^X/	/ʑĭəu^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯ɛn/	/nien/	/ʔi̯ɛk̚/	/ʑi̯ə̯u^X/	/ʑi̯ə̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yán	nián	yi	shòu	shòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jin⁴	nin⁴	jik¹	sau⁶	sau⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*la[n] C.nˤi[ŋ] q[i]k [N-t]uʔ|[N-t]uʔ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*lan niːŋ qleɡ djuʔ|djus/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	延	年	益	壽	壽
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yán	nián	yì	shòu	shòu
Middle Chinese	‹ yen ›	‹ nen ›	‹ ʔjiek ›	‹ dzyuw^X ›	‹ dzyuw^H ›
Old Chinese	/*la[n]/	/*C.nˁi[ŋ]/	/q[i]k/ (dialect: -ik > *-ek)	/*[N-t]uʔ/	/*[N-t]uʔ-s/
English	extend	harvest; year	increase	longevity	longevity
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	延	年	益	壽	壽
Reading #	1/2	1/1	1/1	1/2	2/2
No.	14256	9482	15081	11707	11709
Phonetic component	延	秊	益	壽	壽
Rime group	元	眞	錫	幽	幽
Rime subdivision	1	2	0	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	延		益	受	授
Old Chinese	/*lan/	/*niːŋ/	/*qleɡ/	/*djuʔ/	/*djus/
Notes		同秊

Idiom

延年益壽

(of tonics, etc.) to prolong life; to promise longevity