弛

弛	U+5F1B, 弛 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F1B

← 弚
[U+5F1A]

CJK Unified Ideographs

弜 →
[U+5F1C]

Translingual

Han character

弛 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 弓心木 (NPD), four-corner 1421₂, composition ⿰弓也)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 357, character 6
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9724
Dae Jaweon: page 673, character 14
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 991, character 13
Unihan data for U+5F1B

Chinese

trad.		弛
simp. ^#		弛

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 弛
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (也) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
他	*l̥ʰaːl
拖	l̥ʰaːl, l̥ʰaːls
駞	*l'aːl
池	l'aːl, l'al
灺	*ljalʔ
鍦	ɦljaːl, hljal, *hljals
虵	ɦljal, laːlʔ, *lal
也	*laːlʔ
忚	*hleːl
髢	*l'eːls
杝	l̥ʰalʔ, l'alʔ, *lal
肔	l̥ʰalʔ, lalʔ
馳	*l'al
阤	l'alʔ, hljalʔ
施	hljal, hljals
絁	*hljal
葹	*hljal
弛	*hljalʔ
箷	*lal
衪	lel, lalʔ
暆	*lel
迆	lal, lalʔ
酏	lal, lalʔ
匜	lal, lalʔ
迤	*lalʔ
扡	*lalʔ
崺	*lalʔ
貤	lals, ɦljels, *lels
地	*l'els

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chí, shǐ (chi², shi³)

(Zhuyin): ㄔˊ, ㄕˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ci² / ci⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̀

(Hailu, HRS): chi
Eastern Min (BUC): chiē
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): si³ / di²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sí / tî

(Teochew, Peng'im): si²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chí
  - Zhuyin: ㄔˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chíh
  - Wade–Giles: chʻih²
  - Yale: chŕ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyr
  - Palladius: чи (či)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄕˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shǐh
  - Wade–Giles: shih³
  - Yale: shř
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyy
  - Palladius: ши (ši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ci² / ci⁴
  - Yale: chí / chìh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsi² / tsi⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: qi² / qi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiː³⁵/, /t͡sʰiː²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̀
  - Hakka Romanization System: cii^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ci²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: chi
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰi⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chiē
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰie³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: si³
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sî
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬi⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: si³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬi³³²/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: di²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dí
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: di²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti²⁴/

Note:

si3 - literary;
di2 - vernacular (俗).

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sí
  - Tâi-lô: sí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sie
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /si⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /si⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tî
  - Tâi-lô: tî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dii
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /ti²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ti¹³/

Note:

sí - literary (Xiamen, Zhangzhou);
tî - vernacular (俗) (Xiamen, Zhangzhou).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: si²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sí
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /si⁵²/

Middle Chinese: syeX

Rime
Character	弛
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	施是切
Baxter	syeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕiᴇ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiɛ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕjɛ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕiə̆^X/
Li Rong	/ɕie^X/
Wang Li	/ɕǐe^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɕie̯^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ajʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*hljalʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	弛
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chí
Middle Chinese	‹ sye^X ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥ajʔ/
English	slacken (a bow)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	弛
Reading #	1/1
No.	14787
Phonetic component	也
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*hljalʔ/

Definitions

弛

(literary) to unstring a bow; to slacken a bowstring
Antonym: 張 / 张
to loosen; to slacken; to relax
to fall off; to fall out of use
(literary) to delay; to defer
(literary) to remove; to abolish
(literary) to ruin; to damage

Compounds

一弛一張 / 一弛一张
一張一弛 / 一张一弛
厥弛
外弛內張 / 外弛内张
廢弛 / 废弛 (fèichí)
弛廢 / 弛废 (chífèi)
弛張 / 弛张
弛禁 (chíjìn)
弛緩 / 弛缓 (chíhuǎn, shǐhuǎn)
張弛 / 张弛
懈弛
放蕩弛縱 / 放荡弛纵
澆弛 / 浇弛
簡弛 / 简弛
綱紀廢弛 / 纲纪废弛
色衰愛弛 / 色衰爱弛
跅弛
鬆弛 / 松弛 (sōngchí)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 弛 – see 施 (“to give, grant; to put into effect, carry out”). (This character is a variant form of 施).

References

“弛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
“Entry #6378”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “弛”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 31.

Japanese

Kanji

弛

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

to loosen

Readings

Go-on: し (shi)
Kan-on: し (shi)
Kan’yō-on: ち (chi)
Kun: たるむ (tarumu, 弛む)、たるめる (tarumeru, 弛める)、たゆむ (tayumu, 弛む)、ゆるむ (yurumu, 弛む)、ゆるめる (yurumeru, 弛める)

Korean

Hanja

弛 • (i, chi) (hangeul 이, 치, revised i, chi, McCune–Reischauer i, ch'i, Yale i, chi)

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Vietnamese

Han character

弛: Hán Nôm readings: thỉ

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