忱

忱	U+5FF1, 忱 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FF1

← 忰
[U+5FF0]

CJK Unified Ideographs

忲 →
[U+5FF2]

Translingual

Han character

忱 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 心中月山 (PLBU), four-corner 9401₂, composition ⿰忄冘)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 378, character 13
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10382
Dae Jaweon: page 706, character 13
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2278, character 8
Unihan data for U+5FF1

Chinese

simp. and trad.		忱

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 忱
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (冘) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
冘	lu, lum
抌	lu, ʔl'uːmʔ, *loʔ
狖	*lus
貁	*lus
耽	*ʔl'uːm
眈	ʔl'uːm, ʔl'uːmʔ, *l'uːm
酖	*ʔl'uːm
妉	*ʔl'uːm
黕	*ʔl'uːmʔ
衴	*ʔl'uːmʔ
瓭	*ʔl'uːmʔ
馾	*ʔl'uːms
髧	*l'uːmʔ
紞	*ʔl'oːmʔ
鈂	zlum, l'um
沈	l'um, l'ums, *hljumʔ
沉	*l'um
枕	l'um, ʔljumʔ, *ʔljums
莐	*l'um
霃	*l'um
鴆	*l'ums
訦	ɦljum, ɦljumʔ
忱	*ɦljum
邥	*hljumʔ
魫	*hljumʔ

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chén (chen²)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sam⁴
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sîm

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chén
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chén
  - Wade–Giles: chʻên²
  - Yale: chén
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chern
  - Palladius: чэнь (čɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: sam⁴
  - Yale: sàhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: sem⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐm²¹/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sing²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: síng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sing²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sîm
  - Tâi-lô: sîm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siim
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /sim²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sim²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sim¹³/

Middle Chinese: dzyim

Rime
Character	忱
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	氏任切
Baxter	dzyim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑim/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑim/
Li Rong	/ʑiəm/
Wang Li	/ʑĭĕm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sam⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[t.ɢ][u]m/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɦljum/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	忱
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chén
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyim ›
Old Chinese	/*[t.ɢ][u]m/
English	sincere
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	忱
Reading #	1/1
No.	15265
Phonetic component	冘
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	諶
Old Chinese	/*ɦljum/
Notes	同訦

Definitions

忱

sincerity; honesty; sincere feeling
a surname

Compounds

丹忱 (dānchén)
微忱
忠忱 (zhōngchén)
忱悃
忱辭 / 忱辞
歸忱 / 归忱
滿腔熱忱 / 满腔热忱 (mǎnqiāngrèchén)
熱忱 / 热忱 (rèchén)
血忱
謝忱 / 谢忱 (xièchén)
賀忱 / 贺忱
赤忱 (chìchén)

References

“忱”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “忱”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 29.

Japanese

Kanji

忱

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

Go-on: じん (jin)^{←じむ (zimu, historical)}
Kan-on: しん (shin)^{←しむ (simu, historical)}
Kun: まこと (makoto, 忱)

Korean

Hanja

忱 (eum 침 (chim))

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Vietnamese

Han character

忱: Hán Nôm readings: thầm

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