諶

See also: 谌

諶	U+8AF6, 諶 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AF6

← 諵
[U+8AF5]

CJK Unified Ideographs

諷 →
[U+8AF7]

Translingual

Han character

諶 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜口廿一女 (YRTMV), four-corner 0461₁, composition ⿰訁甚)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1171, character 15
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35739
Dae Jaweon: page 1636, character 23
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3994, character 2
Unihan data for U+8AF6

Chinese

trad.		諶
simp.		谌

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 諶
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (甚) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
湛	ʔl'uːm, r'uːmʔ, *l'um
媅	*ʔl'uːm
黮	l̥ʰuːmʔ, l'uːmʔ
糂	*sluːmʔ
堪	*kʰluːm
戡	kʰluːm, ʔl'umʔ
嵁	kʰluːm, ŋɡluːm, ŋɡluːmʔ, sɡruːmʔ, *kʰruːm
歁	kʰluːmʔ, kʰluːb
勘	*kʰluːms
磡	*kʰuːms
墈	*kʰuːms
偡	*r'uːmʔ
碪	*ʔl'um
椹	*ʔl'um
揕	*ʔl'ums
踸	*l̥ʰumʔ
鍖	*l̥ʰumʔ
斟	*kljum
諶	*ɡljum
愖	*ɡljum
瘎	*ɡljum
煁	*ɡljum
甚	ɡljumʔ, ɡljums
葚	*ɦljumʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡljum): semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 甚 (OC *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chén, shèn (chen², shen⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄣˊ, ㄕㄣˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sam⁴
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sîm

(Teochew, Peng'im): sim⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chén
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chén
  - Wade–Giles: chʻên²
  - Yale: chén
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chern
  - Palladius: чэнь (čɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shèn
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shèn
  - Wade–Giles: shên⁴
  - Yale: shèn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenn
  - Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂən⁵¹/

Note: shèn - variant pronunciation for the surname (inferred using the youbian dubian method).

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: sam⁴
  - Yale: sàhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: sem⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐm²¹/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sing²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: síng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sing²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sîm
  - Tâi-lô: sîm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siim
  - IPA (Xiamen): /sim²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sim²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sim¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /sim²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sim²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sim⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sîm
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sim⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: dzyim

Rime
Character	諶
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	氏任切
Baxter	dzyim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑim/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑim/
Li Rong	/ʑiəm/
Wang Li	/ʑĭĕm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sam⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[t.ɢ][u]m/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡljum/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	諶
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chén
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyim ›
Old Chinese	/*[t.ɢ][u]m/
English	reliable, to trust
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	諶
Reading #	1/1
No.	11292
Phonetic component	甚
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*ɡljum/

Definitions

諶

(literary) to believe
(literary) sincere; honest
(literary) indeed
a surname
諶龍／谌龙 ― Chén Lóng ― Chen Long (Chinese badminton player）

References

“諶”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “谌”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 29.

Japanese

Kanji

諶

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

Go-on: じん (jin)
Kan-on: しん (shin)
Kun: まこと (makoto)

Korean

Hanja

諶 • (sim) (hangeul 심, revised sim, McCune–Reischauer sim, Yale sim)

truth
to believe

Vietnamese

Han character

諶: Hán Nôm readings: kham, thầm, thòm, xầm

(Rare) A Vietnamese surname (pronounced as xầm)